Trends Plant Sci , IF:18.313 , 2024 Oct , V29 (10) : P1046-1048 doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.06.005
ABCB19 transporter: fostering brassinosteroid transport through membrane flexibility.
Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India.; Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India.; Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India; Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India; Delhi School of Climate Change and Sustainability, Institution of Eminence, Maharishi Karnad Bhawan, University of Delhi, Delhi, India. Electronic address: archanasingh@pmb.du.ac.in.
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a vital role in plant growth and stress response, operating through a well-defined signaling pathway. Yet, the export of BRs through plasma membranes poses significant challenges. Ying et al. recently identified the essential role of the ATPase activity of ABCB19 (Arabidopsis thaliana ATP-binding cassette transporter) in BR transport.
PMID: 38944596
Nat Commun , IF:14.919 , 2024 Oct , V15 (1) : P8565 doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-52928-9
Natural variation in the promoter of qRBG1/OsBZR5 underlies enhanced rice yield.
Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.; Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China. hegh@swu.edu.cn.; Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China. zhaofangming2004@163.com.
Seed size, a key determinant of rice yield, is regulated by brassinosteroid (BR); however, the BR pathway in rice has not been fully elucidated. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of the quantitative trait locus Rice Big Grain 1 (qRBG1) from single-segment substitution line Z499. Our data show that qRBG1(Z) is an unselected rare promoter variation that reduces qRBG1 expression to increase cell number and size, resulting in larger grains, whereas qRBG1 overexpression causes smaller grains in recipient Nipponbare. We demonstrate that qRBG1 encodes a non-canonical BES1 (Bri1-EMS-Suppressor1)/BZR1(Brassinazole-Resistant1) family member, OsBZR5, that regulates grain size upon phosphorylation by OsGSK2 (GSK3-like Kinase2) and binding to D2 (DWARF2) and OFP1 (Ovate-Family-Protein1) promoters. qRBG1 interacts with OsBZR1 to synergistically repress D2, and to antagonistically mediate OFP1 for grain size. Our results reveal a regulatory network controlling grain size via OsGSK2-qRBG1-OsBZR1-D2-OFP1 module, providing a target for improving rice yield.
PMID: 39362889
Plant Cell , IF:11.277 , 2024 Oct doi: 10.1093/plcell/koae273
Brassinosteroid signaling represses ZINC FINGER PROTEIN11 to regulate ovule development in Arabidopsis.
State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.; Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
Brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and the C-class MADS-box gene AGAMOUS (AG) play important roles in ovule development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, how BR signaling integrates with AG functions to control the female reproductive process remains elusive. Here, we showed that the regulatory role of BR signaling in proper ovule development is mediated by the transcriptional repressor gene ZINC FINGER PROTEIN 11 (ZFP11), which is a direct target of AG. ZFP11 expression initiates from the placenta upon AG induction and becomes prominent in the funiculus of ovule primordia. Plants harboring zfp11 mutations showed reduced placental length with decreased ovule numbers and some aborted ovules. During ovule development, the transcription factor BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1), which functions downstream of BR signaling, inhibits ZFP11 expression in the chalaza and nucellus. Weakened BR signaling leads to stunted integuments in ovules, resulting from the direct repression of INNER NO OUTER (INO) and WUSCHEL (WUS) by extended ZFP11 expression in the chalaza and nucellus, respectively. In addition, the zfp11 mutant shows reduced sensitivity to BR biosynthesis inhibitors and can rescue outer integument defects in brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (bri1) mutants. Thus, the precise spatial regulation of ZFP11, which is activated by AG in the placenta and suppressed by BR signaling in the central and distal regions of ovules, is essential for ensuring sufficient ovule numbers and proper ovule formation.
PMID: 39373565
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , IF:11.205 , 2024 Oct , V121 (42) : Pe2412016121 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2412016121
A receptor for dual ligands governs plant immunity and hormone response and is targeted by a nematode effector.
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844.; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.; Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany.; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701.; Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844.
In this study, we show that the potato (Solanum tuberosum) pattern recognition receptor (PRR) NEMATODE-INDUCED LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT (LRR)-RLK1 (StNILR1) functions as a dual receptor, recognizing both nematode-associated molecular pattern ascaroside #18 (Ascr18) and plant hormone brassinosteroid (BR) to activate two different physiological outputs: pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and BR response. Ascr18/BR-StNILR1 signaling requires the coreceptor potato BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (StBAK1) and perception of either ligand strengthens StNILR1 interaction with StBAK1 in plant cells. Significantly, the parasitically successful potato cyst nematode (Globodera pallida) utilizes the effector RHA1B, which is a functional ubiquitin ligase, to target StNILR1 for ubiquitination-mediated proteasome-dependent degradation, thereby countering Ascr18/BR-StNILR1-mediated PTI in potato and facilitating nematode parasitism. These findings broaden our understanding of PRR specificity and reveal a nematode parasitic mechanism that targets a PTI signaling pathway.
PMID: 39388275
New Phytol , IF:10.151 , 2024 Nov , V244 (3) : P883-899 doi: 10.1111/nph.20055
RACK1 links phyB and BES1 to coordinate brassinosteroid-dependent root meristem development.
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Light and brassinosteroids (BR) are indispensable for plant growth and control cell division in the apical meristem. However, how external light signals cooperate with internal brassinosteroids to program root meristem development remains elusive. We reveal that the photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB) guides the scaffold protein RACK1 to coordinate BR signaling for maintaining root meristematic activity. phyB and RACK1 promote early root meristem development. Mechanistically, RACK1 could reinforce the phyB-SPA1 association by interacting with both phyB and SPA1, which indirectly affects COP1-dependent RACK1 degradation, resulting in the accumulation of RACK1 in roots. Subsequently, RACK1 interacts with BES1 to repress its DNA-binding activity toward the target gene CYCD3;1, leading to the release of BES1-mediated inhibition of CYCD3;1 transcription, and hence the promotion of root meristem development. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the regulation of root meristem development by combination of light and phytohormones signals through the photoreceptors and scaffold proteins.
PMID: 39149918
Plant Biotechnol J , IF:9.803 , 2024 Nov , V22 (11) : P3054-3067 doi: 10.1111/pbi.14428
Cotton BOP1 mediates SUMOylation of GhBES1 to regulate fibre development and plant architecture.
State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.; Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng, China.
The Arabidopsis BLADE-ON-PETIOLE (BOP) genes are primarily known for their roles in regulating leaf and floral patterning. However, the broader functions of BOPs in regulating plant traits remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the role of the Gossypium hirsutum BOP1 gene in the regulation of fibre length and plant height through the brassinosteroid (BR) signalling pathway. Transgenic cotton plants overexpressing GhBOP1 display shorter fibre lengths and reduced plant height compared to the wild type. Conversely, GhBOP1 knockdown led to increased plant height and longer fibre, indicating a connection with phenotypes influenced by the BR pathway. Our genetic evidence supports the notion that GhBOP1 regulates fibre length and plant height in a GhBES1-dependent manner, with GhBES1 being a major transcription factor in the BR signalling pathway. Yeast two-hybrid, luciferase complementation assay and pull-down assay results demonstrated a direct interaction between GhBOP1 and GhSUMO1, potentially forming protein complexes with GhBES1. In vitro and in vivo SUMOylation analyses revealed that GhBOP1 functions in an E3 ligase-like manner to mediate GhBES1 SUMOylation and subsequent degradation. Therefore, our study not only uncovers a novel mechanism of GhBES1 SUMOylation but also provides significant insights into how GhBOP1 regulates fibre length and plant height by controlling GhBES1 accumulation.
PMID: 39003587
Plant Physiol , IF:8.34 , 2024 Oct doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiae549
The pathogen-induced peptide CEP14 is perceived by the receptor-like kinase CEPR2 to promote systemic disease resistance in Arabidopsis.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Secreted plant peptides that trigger cellular signaling are crucial for plant growth, development, and adaptive responses to environmental stresses. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE (CEP) family is a class of secreted signaling peptides that is phylogenetically divided into two groups: group I (CEP1-CEP12) and group II (CEP13-CEP15). Several group I CEP peptides regulate root architecture and nitrogen starvation responses, whereas the biological activity and roles of group II CEPs remain unknown. Here, we report that a group II CEP peptide, CEP14, functions as a pathogen-induced elicitor of Arabidopsis immunity. In response to infection by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, CEP14 expression was highly induced via the salicylic acid pathway in Arabidopsis leaves and roots. In the absence of pathogen attack, treatment of Arabidopsis plants with synthetic CEP14 peptides was sufficient to trigger immune responses. Genetic and biochemical analyses demonstrated that the receptor-like kinase CEP RECEPTOR 2 (CEPR2) perceives CEP14 to trigger plant immunity. The SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASES (SERKs) BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (BAK1) and SERK4 also participated in CEP14 perception by forming CEP14-induced complexes with CEPR2. Overexpression of CEP14 largely enhanced Arabidopsis resistance to P. syringae, while CEP14 or CEPR2 mutation significantly attenuated Arabidopsis systemic resistance to P. syringae. Taken together, our data reveal that the pathogen-induced CEP14 peptide, which is perceived by the CEPR2-BAK1/SERK4 receptor complexes, acts as an endogenous elicitor to promote systemic disease resistance in Arabidopsis.
PMID: 39412292
Plant Physiol , IF:8.34 , 2024 Oct doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiae542
The HAT1 transcription factor regulates photomorphogenesis and skotomorphogenesis via phytohormone levels.
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P.R.China.; School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P.R.China.
Plants dynamically modulate their growth and development to acclimate to the fluctuating light environment via a complex phytohormone network. However, the dynamic molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying how plants regulate phytohormones during skotomorphogenesis and photomorphogenesis are largely unknown. Here, we identified a HD-ZIP II transcription factor, HOMEODOMAIN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA1 (HAT1), as a key node that modulates the dose effects of brassinosteroids (BR) and auxin on hypocotyl growth during skotomorphogenesis and photomorphogenesis. Compared with the wild-type (Col-0), both HAT1 loss of function and its overexpression led to disrupted photomorphogenic and skotomorphogenic hypocotyl growth. HAT1 overexpression (HAT1OX) plants displayed longer hypocotyls in the light but shorter hypocotyls in darkness, whereas the triple mutant hat1hat2hat3 showed the opposite phenotype. Furthermore, we found that CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) interacted with dephosphorylated HAT1 and facilitated the degradation of HAT1 by ubiquitination in darkness, while HAT1 was phosphorylated and stabilized by BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2) in the light. Interestingly, we observed distinct dose-dependent effects of BR and auxin on hypocotyl elongation under varying light conditions and that HAT1 functioned as a key node in this process. The shorter hypocotyl of HAT1OX in darkness was due to the inhibition of BR biosynthetic gene BRASSINOSTEROID-6-OXIDASE2 (BR6OX2) expression to reduce BRs content, while brassinolide (BL) treatment alleviated this growth repression. In the light, HAT1 inhibited BR biosynthesis but enhanced auxin signaling by directly repressing IAA3/SHORT HYPOCOTYL 2 (SHY2) expression. Our findings uncover a dual function of HAT1 in regulating BR biosynthesis and auxin signaling that is crucial for ensuring proper skotomorphogenic and photomorphogenic growth.
PMID: 39404113
J Integr Plant Biol , IF:7.061 , 2024 Oct doi: 10.1111/jipb.13783
The receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase OsBSK1-2 regulates immunity via an HLH/bHLH complex.
State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.; College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
Plants need to fine-tune defense responses to maintain a robust but flexible host barrier to various pathogens. Helix-loop-helix/basic helix-loop-helix (HLH/bHLH) complexes play important roles in fine-tuning plant development. However, the function of these genes in plant immunity and how they are regulated remain obscure. Here, we identified an atypical bHLH transcription factor, Oryza sativa (Os)HLH46, that interacts with rice receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) Os BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE1-2 (OsBSK1-2), which plays a key role in rice blast resistance. OsBSK1-2 stabilized OsHLH46 both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, OsHLH46 positively regulates rice blast resistance, which depends on OsBSK1-2. OsHLH46 has no transcriptional activation activity and interacts with a typical bHLH protein, OsbHLH6, which negatively regulates rice blast resistance. OsbHLH6 binds to the promoter of OsWRKY45 and inhibits its expression, while OsHLH46 suppresses the function of OsbHLH6 by blocking its DNA binding and transcriptional inhibition of OsWRKY45. Consistent with these findings, OsWRKY45 was up-regulated in OsHLH46-overexpressing plants. In addition, the oshlh46 mutant overexpressing OsbHLH6 is more susceptible to Magnaporthe oryzae than is the wild type, suggesting that OsHLH46 suppresses OsbHLH6-mediated rice blast resistance. Our results not only demonstrated that OsBSK1-2 regulates rice blast resistance via the OsHLH46/OsbHLH6 complex, but also uncovered a new mechanism for plants to fine-tune plant immunity by regulating the HLH/bHLH complex via RLCKs.
PMID: 39387827
Int J Biol Macromol , IF:6.953 , 2024 Oct , V281 (Pt 1) : P136047 doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136047
The S-nitrosylation of monodehydroascorbate reductase positively regulated the low temperature tolerance of mini Chinese cabbage.
Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China. Electronic address: gaoxq@st.gsau.edu.cn.; Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China. Electronic address: hull@gsau.edu.cn.; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China. Electronic address: yujihua@gsau.edu.cn.
One of the main environmental stresses that considerably reduced vegetable yields are low temperature stress. Brassinosteroids (BRs) is essential for controlling a number of physiological functions. Protein S-nitrosylation is thought to be a crucial process in plants that use NO to carry out their biological functions. The exact process by which the mini Chinese cabbage responded to low temperature stress through BR-mediated S-nitrosylation modification of the monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) is still unknown. BR significantly increased the S-nitrosoylation level and antioxidant capacity at low temperature. One noteworthy development was the in vitroS-nitrosylation of the MDHAR protein. The overexpressed lines exhibited considerably high nitric oxide (NO) and S-nitrosothiol (SNO) contents at low temperature compared to the WT lines. Treatment of the WT and OE-BrMDHAR lines with BR at low temperature increased the antioxidant capacity. According to the biotin signaling, BR considerably enhanced the silenced lines total S-nitrosylation level in vivo at low temperature. Furthermore, BrMDHAR, BrAAO, and BrAPX gene transcript levels were dramatically up-regulated by BR, which in turn reduced the H(2)O(2) content in the silenced lines. These findings demonstrated that the S-nitrosylation of MDHAR was essential to the improvement of BR on low-temperature tolerance in the mini Chinese cabbage.
PMID: 39357708
Int J Biol Macromol , IF:6.953 , 2024 Oct , V278 (Pt 3) : P134918 doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134918
Alternaria solani core effector Aex59 is a new member of the Alt a 1 protein family and is recognized as a PAMP.
Department of Plant Pathology, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.; Department of Plant Pathology, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.; Department of Plant Pathology, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China. Electronic address: zliu@ahau.edu.cn.
Early blight caused by Alternaria solani is a destructive disease in potato production. Here, through systematically screening of an effector protein pool consisting of 115 small cysteine-containing candidate Aex (Alternariaextracellular proteins) in A. solani, we identified a core effector protein named Aex59, a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) molecule. Aex59 is uniquely present in the Ascomycota of fungi and can activate defense responses in multiple plants. Targeted gene disruption showed that Aex59 is a virulence factor and participates in spore development. Perception of Aex59 in Nicotiana benthamiana does not depend on the receptor-like kinases Brassinosteroid-associated kinase1 (BAK1) and Suppressor of BIR1-1 (SOBIR1), which are required for multiple pattern recognition receptors (PRR) pathways. Sequence analysis revealed that Aex59 is a new member of the Alt a 1 protein family and is a potential molecular marker capable of aiding in the classification of the fungi Alternaria spp.
PMID: 39179073
Plant J , IF:6.417 , 2024 Oct , V120 (1) : P45-59 doi: 10.1111/tpj.16968
BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE 1 modulates OPEN STOMATA 1 phosphorylation and contributes to stomatal closure and plant immunity.
State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.; College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
Stomatal movement plays a critical role in plant immunity by limiting the entry of pathogens. OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) is a key component that mediates stomatal closure in plants, however, how OST1 functions in response to pathogens is not well understood. RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 902 (RLK902) phosphorylates BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE 1 (BSK1) and positively modulates plant resistance. In this study, by a genome-wide phosphorylation analysis, we found that the phosphorylation of BSK1 and OST1 was missing in the rlk902 mutant compared with the wild-type plants, indicating a potential connection between the RLK902-BSK1 module and OST1-mediated stomatal closure. We showed that RLK902 and BSK1 contribute to stomatal immunity, as the stomatal closure induced by the bacterial pathogen Pto DC3000 was impaired in rlk902 and bsk1-1 mutants. Stomatal immunity mediated by RLK902 was dependent on BSK1 phosphorylation at Ser230, a key phosphorylation site for BSK1 functions. Several phosphorylation sites of OST1 were important for RLK902- and BSK1-mediated stomatal immunity. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of Ser171 and Ser175 in OST1 contributed to the stomatal immunity mediated by RLK902 but not by BSK1, while phosphorylation of OST1 at Ser29 and Thr176 residues was critical for BSK1-mediated stomatal immunity. Taken together, these results indicate that RLK902 and BSK1 contribute to disease resistance via OST1-mediated stomatal closure. This work revealed a new function of BSK1 in activating stomatal immunity, and the role of RLK902-BSK1 and OST1 module in regulating pathogen-induced stomatal movement.
PMID: 39126292
Int J Mol Sci , IF:5.923 , 2024 Sep , V25 (19) doi: 10.3390/ijms251910543
RMD and Its Suppressor MAPK6 Control Root Circumnutation and Obstacle Avoidance via BR Signaling.
Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.; Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Helical growth of the root tip (circumnutation) that permits surface exploration facilitates root penetration into soil. Here, we reveal that rice actin-binding protein RMD aids in root circumnutation, manifested by wavy roots as well as compromised ability to efficiently explore and avoid obstacles in rmd mutants. We demonstrate that root circumnutation defects in rmd depend on brassinosteroid (BR) signaling, which is elevated in mutant roots. Suppressing BR signaling via pharmacological (BR inhibitor) or genetic (knockout of BR biosynthetic or signaling components) manipulation rescues root defects in rmd. We further reveal that mutations in MAPK6 suppress BR signaling and restore normal root circumnutation in rmd, which may be mediated by the interaction between MAPK6, MAPKK4 and BR signaling factor BIM2. Our study thus demonstrates that RMD and MAPK6 control root circumnutation by modulating BR signaling to facilitate early root growth.
PMID: 39408870
Microbiol Res , IF:5.415 , 2024 Oct , V289 : P127924 doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127924
Brassinosteroids mediate arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis through multiple potential pathways and partial identification in tomato.
State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Electronic address: yingren@stu.scau.edu.cn.; School of Agriculture & Food Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: brian.tobin@ucd.ie.; School of Agriculture & Food Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: shuyi.yang@ucdconnect.ie.; Boone Pickens School of Geology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, United States. Electronic address: tingying.xu@okstate.edu.; State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Electronic address: chenhui@scau.edu.cn.; State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Electronic address: tangm@nwafu.edu.cn.
Currently, little is known regarding the specific processes through which brassinosteroids (BR) affect arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. Understanding this relationship is vital for advancing plant physiology and agricultural applications. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of BR in AM symbiosis. According to the log2 fold change-value and adjP-value, we integrated the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in maize (Zea mays L.) treated with BR and AM, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants deficient in BR receptors, and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants inoculated with AM fungi. In addition, we characterized the symbiotic performance of tomato plants with BR receptor defects and overexpression. The results indicated that the common differential genes induced by BR and AM were involved in metabolic processes, such as cell wall modification, cytoskeleton remodeling, auxin and ethylene signaling, photosynthesis, mineral nutrient transport, and stress defense. Specifically, these include the BR1 gene, which modifies the cell wall. However, the fungal colonization rate of BR receptor-deficient tomato plants was significantly reduced, and the total phosphorus concentration was increased. Conversely, the performance of the overexpressing tomato transformation plants demonstrated a significant contrast. Additionally, the mild rescue of mycorrhizal attenuation in mutants treated with exogenous BR suggests the possibility of direct feedback from BR synthesis to AM. Notably, the cell wall modification gene (SlBR1) and calcium spike gene (SlIPD3) were induced by both BR and AM, suggesting that BR may influence cell penetration during the early stages of AM colonization. Synthesis: Our results demonstrated that BR positively regulates AM symbiosis through multiple pathways. These findings pave the way for future research, including isolation of the individual contributions of each pathway to this complex process and exploration of possible agricultural applications.
PMID: 39395377
J Agric Food Chem , IF:5.279 , 2024 Oct , V72 (43) : P23671-23688 doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05680
Roles of Nitric Oxide and Brassinosteroid in Improving Fruit Quality during Postharvest: Potential Regulators?
Hubei Key Laboratory of Spices & Horticultural Plant Germplasm Innovation & Utilization, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
Most postharvest fruits are highly perishable, which directly impairs fruit taste and causes an economic loss of fresh products. Thus, it is necessary to find effective techniques to alleviate this issue. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) and brassinosteroid (BR) have been developed as postharvest alternatives to improve fruit quality. This work mainly reviews the recent processes of NO and BR in improving fruit quality during postharvest. Exogenous NO or BR treatments delayed fruit senescence, enhanced disease resistance, and alleviated chilling injury in postharvest fruit, and potential physiological and biochemical mechanisms mainly include (1) enhancing antioxidant and defense ability, (2) affecting ethylene biosynthesis, (3) regulating sugar and energy metabolism, (4) mediating plant hormone signaling, and (5) regulating protein S-nitrosylation and DNA methylation. This review concludes the functions and mechanisms of NO and BR in improving postharvest fruit quality. Additionally, a specific finding is the possible crosstalk of applications of NO and BR during postharvest fruit storage, which provides new insights into the applicability of NO and BR for delaying fruit senescence, enhancing disease resistances of fruit, and alleviating chilling injury in postharvest fruit.
PMID: 39406695
Plant Cell Physiol , IF:4.927 , 2024 Oct , V65 (9) : P1363-1376 doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcae072
ATBS1-INTERACTING FACTOR 2 Positively Regulates Freezing Tolerance via INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1/C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR-Induced Cold Acclimation Pathway.
Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-Gil, Wonju-Si 220-710, Republic of Korea.; Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
The INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1/C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (ICE1/CBF) pathway plays a crucial role in plant responses to cold stress, impacting growth and development. Here, we demonstrated that ATBS1-INTERACTING FACTOR 2 (AIF2), a non-DNA-binding basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, positively regulates freezing tolerance through the ICE1/CBF-induced cold tolerance pathway in Arabidopsis. Cold stress transcriptionally upregulated AIF2 expression and induced AIF2 phosphorylation, thereby stabilizing the AIF2 protein during early stages of cold acclimation. The AIF2 loss-of-function mutant, aif2-1, exhibited heightened sensitivity to freezing before and after cold acclimation. In contrast, ectopic expression of AIF2, but not the C-terminal-deleted AIF2 variant, restored freezing tolerance. AIF2 enhanced ICE1 stability during cold acclimation and promoted the transcriptional expression of CBFs and downstream cold-responsive genes, ultimately enhancing plant tolerance to freezing stress. MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES 3 and 6 (MPK3/6), known negative regulators of freezing tolerance, interacted with and phosphorylated AIF2, subjecting it to protein degradation. Furthermore, transient co-expression of MPK3/6 with AIF2 and ICE1 downregulated AIF2/ICE1-induced transactivation of CBF2 expression. AIF2 interacted preferentially with BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2) and MPK3/6 during the early and later stages of cold acclimation, respectively, thereby differentially regulating AIF2 activity in a cold acclimation time-dependent manner. Moreover, AIF2 acted additively in a gain-of-function mutant of BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1; bzr1-1D) and a triple knockout mutant of BIN2 and its homologs (bin2bil1bil2) to induce CBFs-mediated freezing tolerance. This suggests that cold-induced AIF2 coordinates freezing tolerance along with BZR1 and BIN2, key positive and negative components, respectively, of brassinosteroid signaling pathways.
PMID: 38957969
Metabolomics , IF:4.29 , 2024 Oct , V20 (6) : P119 doi: 10.1007/s11306-024-02174-3
BW312 Hordeum vulgare semi-dwarf mutant exhibits a shifted metabolic profile towards pathogen resistance.
BIOtransfer, 41 Rue Emile Zola, 93100, Montreuil, France.; Plant Imaging & Mass Spectrometry (PIMS), Institut de Biologie Moleculaire Des Plantes, CNRS, Universite de Strasbourg, 12 Rue du General Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg, France.; Plant Isoprenoid Biology (PIB), Institut de Biologie Moleculaire Des Plantes, CNRS, Universite de Strasbourg, 12 Rue du General Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg, France.; Plant Imaging & Mass Spectrometry (PIMS), Institut de Biologie Moleculaire Des Plantes, CNRS, Universite de Strasbourg, 12 Rue du General Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg, France. claire.villette@ibmp-cnrs.unistra.fr.
INTRODUCTION: Plant hormonal mutants, which do not produce or are insensitive to hormones, are often affected in their growth and development, but other metabolic rearrangements might be involved. A trade-off between growth and stress response is necessary for the plant survival. OBJECTIVES: Here, we explore the metabolic profile and the pathogen resistance of a brassinosteroid-insensitive Hordeum vulgare L. semi-dwarf mutant, BW312. METHODS: We investigate BW312 metabolism through a chemical enrichment analysis, confirming a shifted metabolic profile towards pathogen resistance. The effective pathogen resistance of the mutant was tested in presence of Pyrenophora teres and Fusarium graminearum. RESULTS: Four compound families were increased in the mutant (pyrrolidines, basic amino acids, alkaloids, monounsaturated fatty acids), while two compound families were decreased (pyrrolidinones, anthocyanins). Dipeptides were also altered (increased and decreased). BW312 displayed a better resistance to Pyrenophora teres in the earliest stage of infection with a 21.5% decrease of the lesion length 10 days after infection. BW312 also exhibited a reduced lesion length (43.3%) and a reduced browning of the lesions (55.5%) when exposed to Fusarium graminearum at the seedling stage. CONCLUSION: The observed metabolomic shift strongly suggests that the BW312 semi-dwarf mutant is in a primed state, resulting in a standby state of alertness to pathogens.
PMID: 39438353
BMC Plant Biol , IF:4.215 , 2024 Oct , V24 (1) : P967 doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05688-z
Enhancing the medicinal properties and phytochemical content of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) through elicitation with brassinosteroid, ethrel, and carrageenan.
Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Agriculture Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.; Depatment of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. kheiry@znu.ac.ir.; Depatment of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.; Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran. m-ghorbanpour@araku.ac.ir.
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is well-known for its high protein, steroid, alkaloid, mineral, lipid, triterpene, and phenolic compound content, as well as its medicinal properties, particularly its anti-diabetic effects. To investigate the impact of elicitors on the morphology and phytochemical characteristics of bitter melon (Jounpouri cultivar) over two consecutive years (2018 and 2019), we conducted a field experiment. The study aimed to determine the effects of Ethrel, brassinosteroids (BRs), and k-carrageenan on yield and the production of anti-diabetic agents in M. charantia farm crops. The elicitors included ten levels, ranging from a control group to Ethrel (100, 300, and 600 mg l(- 1)), brassinosteroids (BRs) (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg l(- 1)), and k-carrageenan (200, 400, and 600 mg l(- 1)). These characteristics included leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, fruit parameters, carbohydrate content, total phenols and flavonoid accumulation, antioxidant activity, total acid, ascorbic acid, momordicine, and charantin. Across both years, we observed the highest flavonoid accumulation and antioxidant activity in the Ethrel treatment group. Specifically, applying 0.5 mg l(- 1) BRs and 300 mg l(- 1) Ethrel led to an 18.8% and 14.8% increase in momordicine content, respectively. All elicitor treatments, particularly at 0.1 mg l(- 1) BRs, significantly increased leaf area, leaf length, and leaf width compared to the control group in both cropping years. Additionally, the application of all elicitors resulted in increased fruit weight, dimensions, and yield over the two consecutive years. Notably, in 2018, 600 mg l(- 1) Ethrel contributed to enhanced fruit weight and yield, while in 2019, 0.5 mg l(- 1) BRs exhibited the same effect. Metabolic and physiological changes in bitter squash induced by employed elicitors over two different years (2018-2019) are strongly dependent on a variety of environmental factors such as temperature and rainfall. In conclusion, using BRs as an elicitor has the potential to optimize the health benefits of bitter melon by increasing the content of two bioactive molecules, momordicine and charantin.
PMID: 39407143
BMC Plant Biol , IF:4.215 , 2024 Oct , V24 (1) : P928 doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05579-3
Unravelling the molecular mechanism underlying drought stress tolerance in Dinanath (Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin.) grass via integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses.
ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, 284003, India. shashikumarpgpb@gmail.com.; ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, 284003, India.; International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502324, India.; Institution of Excellence, Vijnana Bhavan, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570006, India.; International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502324, India. yogendra.kalenahalli@icrisat.org.
Dinanath grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin.) is an extensively grown forage grass known for its significant drought resilience. In order to comprehensively grasp the adaptive mechanism of Dinanath grass in response to water deficient conditions, transcriptomic and metabolomics were applied in the leaves of Dinanath grass exposed to two distinct drought intensities (48-hour and 96-hour). Transcriptomic analysis of Dinanath grass leaves revealed that a total of 218 and 704 genes were differentially expressed under 48- and 96-hour drought conditions, respectively. The genes that were expressed differently (DEGs) and the metabolites that accumulated in response to 48-hour drought stress mainly showed enrichment in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, particularly phenolics and flavonoids. Conversely, under 96-hour drought conditions, the enriched pathways predominantly involved lipid metabolism, specifically sterol lipids. In particular, phenylpropanoid pathway and brassinosteroid signaling played a crucial role in drought response to 48- and 96-hour water deficit conditions, respectively. This variation in drought response indicates that the adaptation mechanism in Dinanath grass is highly dependent on the intensity of drought stress. In addition, different genes associated with phenylpropanoid and fatty acid biosynthesis, as well as signal transduction pathways namely phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, putrescine hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase 2, syntaxin-61, lipoxygenase 5, calcium-dependent protein kinase and phospholipase D alpha one, positively regulated with drought tolerance. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses highlights the outstanding involvement of regulatory pathways related to secondary cell wall thickening and lignin biosynthesis in imparting drought tolerance to Dinanath grass leaves. These findings collectively contribute to an enhanced understanding of candidate genes and key metabolites relevant to drought response in Dinanath grass. Furthermore, they establish a groundwork for the creation of a transcriptome database aimed at developing abiotic stress-tolerant grasses and major crop varieties through both transgenic and genome editing approaches.
PMID: 39367330
BMC Genomics , IF:3.969 , 2024 Oct , V25 (1) : P989 doi: 10.1186/s12864-024-10877-z
Metabolite profiling and transcriptome analyses reveal defense regulatory network against pink tea mite invasion in tea plant.
Lishui Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.; College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.; Lishui Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China. jnhwz@126.com.
BACKGROUND: The tea plant Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze is a perennial crop, invaded by diversity of insect pest species, and pink tea mite is one of the most devastating pests for sustainable tea production. However, molecular mechanism of defense responses against pink tea mites in tea is still unknown. In this study, metabolomics and transcriptome profiles of susceptible and resistant tea varieties were compared before and after pink tea mite infestation. RESULTS: Metabolomics analysis revealed that abundance levels of polyphenol-related compounds changed significantly before and after infestation. At the transcript level, nearly 8 GB of clean reads were obtained from each sequenced library, and a comparison of infested plants of resistant and susceptible tea varieties revealed 9402 genes with significant differential expression. An array of genes enriched in plant pathogen interaction and biosynthetic pathways of phenylpropanoids showed significant differential regulation in response to pink tea mite invasion. In particular, the functional network linkage of disease resistant proteins, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, flavanone -3-hydroxylase, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate transferase, brassinosteroid-6-oxidase 1, and gibberellin 2 beta-dioxygenase induced dynamic defense signals to suppress prolonged pink tea mite attacks. Further integrated analyses identified a complex network of transcripts and metabolites interlinked with precursors of various flavonoids that are likely modulate resistance against to pink tea mite. CONCLUSIONS: Our results characterized the profiles of insect induced metabolic and transcript reprogramming and identified a defense regulatory network that can potentially be used to fend off pink tea mites damage.
PMID: 39438821
Plants (Basel) , IF:3.935 , 2024 Oct , V13 (20) doi: 10.3390/plants13202928
Integration of mRNA-miRNA Reveals the Possible Role of PyCYCD3 in Increasing Branches Through Bud-Notching in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.).
College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Bud-notching in pear varieties with weak-branches enhances branch development, hormone distribution, and germination, promoting healthier growth and improving early yield. To examine the regulatory mechanisms of endogenous hormones on lateral bud germination in Pyrus spp. (cv. 'Huangguan') (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.), juvenile buds were collected from 2-year-old pear trees. Then, a comprehensive study, including assessments of endogenous hormones, germination and branching rates, RNA-seq analysis, and gene function analysis in these lateral buds was conducted. The results showed that there was no significant difference in germination rate between the control and bud-notching pear trees, but the long branch rate was significantly increased in bud-notching pear trees compared to the control (p < 0.05). After bud-notching, there was a remarkable increase in IAA and BR levels in the pruned section of shoots, specifically by 141% and 93%, respectively. However, the content of ABA in the lateral buds after bud-notching was not significantly different from the control. Based on RNA-seq analysis, a notable proportion of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were linked to the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. Notably, the brassinosteroid signaling pathway seemed to have the closest connection with the branching ability of pear with the related genes encoding BRI1 and CYCD3, which showed significant differences between lateral buds. Finally, the heterologous expression of PyCYCD3 has a positive regulatory effect on the increased Arabidopsis growth and branching numbers. Therefore, the PyCYCD3 was identified as an up-regulated gene that is induced via brassinosteroid (BR) and could act as a conduit, transforming bud-notching cues into proliferative signals, thereby governing lateral branching mechanisms in pear trees.
PMID: 39458875
Plants (Basel) , IF:3.935 , 2024 Sep , V13 (19) doi: 10.3390/plants13192749
Identification of the BZR Family in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and Verification of the AsBZR11 under Salt Stress.
College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.; Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
Brassinazole-Resistant (BZR) is an important transcription factor (TF) in the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in plant growth, development and stress resistance. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of BZRs in garlic (Allium sativum L.) and identified a total of 11 members of the AsBZR gene family. By comparing the expression patterns of AsBZR genes under salt stress, the candidate gene AsBZR11 with salt tolerance function was identified. Subcellular localization results showed that AsBZR11 was localized in the nucleus. The salt tolerance of overexpression lines improved, and the germination rate and root length of overexpression lines increased as compared with wild type. The content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased in AsBZR11-OE, suggesting that AsBZR11 has the function of improving plant salt tolerance. Our results enriched the knowledge of plant BZR family and laid a foundation for the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance of garlic, which will provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent creation of salt-tolerant germplasm resources.
PMID: 39409617
J Plant Physiol , IF:3.549 , 2024 Nov , V302 : P154318 doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154318
NHX5/NHX6/SPY22 complex regulates BRI1 and brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis.
Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China. Electronic address: qiuqsh@lzu.edu.cn.
NHX5 and NHX6, Arabidopsis endosomal antiporters, play a vital role in facilitating ion and pH homeostasis in endosomal compartments. Studies have found that NHX5 and NHX6 are essential for protein trafficking, auxin homeostasis, and plant growth and development. Here, we report the role of NHX5 and NHX6 in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. We found that hypocotyl growth was enhanced in nhx5 nhx6 under epibrassinolide (eBR) treatment. nhx5 nhx6 bri1 was insensitive to eBR treatment, indicating that NHX5 and NHX6 are downstream of the BRI1 receptor in BR signaling. Moreover, confocal observation with both hypocotyls and root tips showed that BRI1-YFP localization in the plasma membrane (PM) was reduced in nhx5 nhx6. Interestingly, brefeldin A (BFA) treatment showed that formation of the BFA bodies containing BRI1 and their disassembling were disrupted in nhx5 nhx6. Further genetic analysis showed that NHX5/NHX6 and SYP22 may act coordinately in BR signaling. NHX5 and NHX6 may regulate SYP22 function by modulating cellular K(+) and pH homeostasis. Importantly, NHX5 and NHX6 colocalize and interact with SYP22, but do not interact with BRI1. In summary, our findings indicate that NHX5/NHX6/SYP22 complex is essential for the regulation of BRI1 recycling and PM localization. The H(+)-leak facilitated by NHX5 and NHX6 offers a means of controlling BR signaling in plants.
PMID: 39059150
J Plant Physiol , IF:3.549 , 2024 Oct , V301 : P154304 doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154304
Modulation of plant polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis; and brassinosteroid signaling during Bacillus endophyticus J13-mediated salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.; Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Electronic address: sridev.mohapatra@hyderabad.bits-pilani.ac.in.
Salinity stress adversely impacts plant growth and development. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to confer salinity stress tolerance in plants through several mechanisms. Here, we report the role of an abiotic stress-tolerant PGPR strain, Bacillus endophyticus J13, in promoting salinity stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana, by elucidating its impact on physiological responses, polyamine (PA) and ethylene biosynthesis, and brassinosteroid signaling. Physiological analysis revealed that J13 can significantly improve the overall plant growth under salt stress by increasing the biomass, relative water content, and chlorophyll content, decreasing membrane damage and lipid peroxidation, and modulating proline homeostasis in plants. Evaluation of shoot polyamine levels upon J13 inoculation revealed an overall decrease in the levels of the three major PAs, putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm), under non-stressed conditions. Salt stress significantly increased the levels of Put and Spm, while decreasing the Spd levels in the plants. J13 inoculation under salt-stressed conditions, significantly decreased the Put levels, bringing them closer to those of the untreated control plants, whereas Spd and Spm levels did not change relative to the non-inoculated salt-stressed plants. The modulation of PA levels was accompanied by changes in the expressions of key PA biosynthetic genes under all treatments. Among the ethylene biosynthetic genes that we studied, ACS1 was induced by J13 inoculation under salt stress. J13 inoculation under salt stress resulted in the modulation of the expressions of BR-signaling genes, upregulating the expressions of the positive regulators of BR-signaling (BZR1 and BES2) and downregulating that of the negative regulator (BIN2). Our results provide a new avenue for J13-mediated salt stress amelioration in Arabidopsis, via tight control of polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis and enhanced brassinosteroid signaling.
PMID: 38991234
Funct Plant Biol , IF:3.101 , 2024 Oct , V51 doi: 10.1071/FP23327
Mitigation strategy of saline stress in Fragaria vesca using natural and synthetic brassinosteroids as biostimulants.
Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, EEA Famailla, Tucuman CP4132, Argentina.; Instituto de Morfologia Vegetal, Fundacion Miguel Lillo, Tucuman T4000JFE, Argentina; and Catedra de Anatomia Vegetal, Fac. Ciencias Naturales e IML UNT, Tucuman CP4000, Argentina.; Instituto de Ciencias Quimicas - Facultad de Agronomia y Agroindustrias - Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, CONICET, Santiago del Estero CP4200, Argentina.; Instituto de Morfologia Vegetal, Fundacion Miguel Lillo, Tucuman T4000JFE, Argentina.; Centro de Estudios de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de La Habana, Vedado CP10400, Cuba.; Instituto de Quimica Biologica, Facultad de Bioquimica, Quimica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, and Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), San Miguel de Tucuman CPT4000ILI, Argentina.; Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, EEA Famailla, Tucuman CP4132, Argentina; and Facultad de Agronomia, Zootecnia y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, San Miguel de Tucuman CP4000ACS, Argentina.
Bassinosteroids (BRs) can induce plant defence responses and promote plant growth. In this work, we evaluated the effect of a natural (EP24) and a synthetic (BB16) brassinosteroid on strawberry (Fragaria vesca ) plants exposed to saline stress. Treated plants showed higher shoot dry weight and root growth compared to untreated control plants. In BR-treated plants, crown diameters increased 66% and 40%, leaf area 148% and 112%, relative water content in leaves 84% and 61%, and SPAD values 24% and 26%, in response to BB16 and EP24, respectively. A marked stomatal closure, increased leaflet lignification, and a decrease in cortex thickness, root diameter and stele radius were also observed in treated plants. Treatments also reduces stress-induced damage, as plants showed a 34% decrease in malondialdehyde content and a lower proline content compared to control plants. A 22% and 15% increase in ascorbate peroxidase and total phenolic compound activities was observed in response to BB16, and a 24% increase in total flavonoid compound in response to both BRs, under stress conditions. These results allow us to propose the use of BRs as an environmentally safe crop management strategy to overcome salinity situations that severely affect crop yield.
PMID: 39413063
Plant Signal Behav , IF:2.247 , 2024 Dec , V19 (1) : P2404807 doi: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2404807
Crosstalk among plant hormone regulates the root development.
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.; College of Life Sciences, Hengshui University, Hengshui, China.
The plant root absorbs water and nutrients, anchors the plant in the soil, and promotes plant development. Root is developed from root apical meristem (RAM), which is formed during embryo stage and is maintained by dividing stem cells. Plant hormones have a predominant role in RAM maintenance. This review evaluates the functional crosstalk among three major hormones (auxin, cytokinin, and brassinolide) in RAM development in Arabidopsis, integrating a variety of experimental data into a regulatory network and revealing multiple layers of complexity in the crosstalk among these three hormones. We also discuss possible directions for future research on the roles of hormones in regulating RAM development and maintenance.
PMID: 39279500