Plant Cell , IF:11.277 , 2024 Jul , V36 (7) : P2607-2628 doi: 10.1093/plcell/koae100
Methyltransferase TaSAMT1 mediates wheat freezing tolerance by integrating brassinosteroid and salicylic acid signaling.
Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
Cold injury is a major environmental stress affecting the growth and yield of crops. Brassinosteroids (BRs) and salicylic acid (SA) play important roles in plant cold tolerance. However, whether or how BR signaling interacts with the SA signaling pathway in response to cold stress is still unknown. Here, we identified an SA methyltransferase, TaSAMT1 that converts SA to methyl SA (MeSA) and confers freezing tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum). TaSAMT1 overexpression greatly enhanced wheat freezing tolerance, with plants accumulating more MeSA and less SA, whereas Tasamt1 knockout lines were sensitive to freezing stress and accumulated less MeSA and more SA. Spraying plants with MeSA conferred freezing tolerance to Tasamt1 mutants, but SA did not. We revealed that BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (TaBZR1) directly binds to the TaSAMT1 promoter and induces its transcription. Moreover, TaBZR1 interacts with the histone acetyltransferase TaHAG1, which potentiates TaSAMT1 expression via increased histone acetylation and modulates the SA pathway during freezing stress. Additionally, overexpression of TaBZR1 or TaHAG1 altered TaSAMT1 expression and improved freezing tolerance. Our results demonstrate a key regulatory node that connects the BR and SA pathways in the plant cold stress response. The regulatory factors or genes identified could be effective targets for the genetic improvement of freezing tolerance in crops.
PMID: 38537937
Curr Biol , IF:10.834 , 2024 Jul , V34 (13) : P3020-3030.e7 doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.057
A multifaceted kinase axis regulates plant organ abscission through conserved signaling mechanisms.
Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: s.galindo.trigo@gmail.com.; Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Biochemistry, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands.; Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK.; University of Tuebingen, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.; Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: m.a.butenko@ibv.uio.no.
Plants have evolved mechanisms to abscise organs as they develop or when exposed to unfavorable conditions.(1) Uncontrolled abscission of petals, fruits, or leaves can impair agricultural productivity.(2)(,)(3)(,)(4)(,)(5) Despite its importance for abscission progression, our understanding of the IDA signaling pathway and its regulation remains incomplete. IDA is secreted to the apoplast, where it is perceived by the receptors HAESA (HAE) and HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2) and somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase (SERK) co-receptors.(6)(,)(7)(,)(8)(,)(9) These plasma membrane receptors activate an intracellular cascade of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) by an unknown mechanism.(10)(,)(11)(,)(12) Here, we characterize brassinosteroid signaling kinases (BSKs) as regulators of floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis. BSK1 localizes to the plasma membrane of abscission zone cells, where it interacts with HAESA receptors to regulate abscission. Furthermore, we demonstrate that YODA (YDA) has a leading role among other MAPKKKs in controlling abscission downstream of the HAESA/BSK complex. This kinase axis, comprising a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase, a BSK, and an MAPKKK, is known to regulate stomatal patterning, early embryo development, and immunity.(10)(,)(13)(,)(14)(,)(15)(,)(16) How specific cellular responses are obtained despite signaling through common effectors is not well understood. We show that the identified abscission-promoting allele of BSK1 also enhances receptor signaling in other BSK-mediated pathways, suggesting conservation of signaling mechanisms. Furthermore, we provide genetic evidence supporting independence of BSK1 function from its kinase activity in several developmental processes. Together, our findings suggest that BSK1 facilitates signaling between plasma membrane receptor kinases and MAPKKKs via conserved mechanisms across multiple facets of plant development.
PMID: 38917797
J Hazard Mater , IF:10.588 , 2024 Jul , V473 : P134625 doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134625
The role of OsBZR4 as a brassinosteroid-signaling component in mediating atrazine and isoproturon degradation in rice.
Research Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China. Electronic address: suxiangning@gdppri.com.; Research Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China.; Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.; Research Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China. Electronic address: zhangyp@gdppri.cn.
Development of a biotechnological system for rapid degradation of pesticides is important to mitigate the environmental, food security, and health risks that they pose. Degradation of atrazine (ATZ) and isoproturon (IPU) in rice crops promoted by the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling component BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT4 (OsBZR4) is explored. OsBZR4 is localized in the plasma membrane and nucleus, and is strongly induced by ATZ and IPU exposure. Transgenic rice OsBZR4-overexpression (OE) significantly enhances resistance to ATZ and IPU toxicity, improving growth, and reducing ATZ and IPU accumulation (particularly in grains) in rice crops. Genetic destruction of OsBZR4 (CRISPR/Cas9) increases rice sensitivity and leads to increased accumulation of ATZ and IPU. OE plants promote phase I, II, and III metabolic reactions, and expression of corresponding pesticide degradation genes under ATZ and IPU stress. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis reveals increased relative contents of ATZ and IPU metabolites and conjugates in OE plants, suggesting an increased OsBZR4 expression and consequent detoxification of ATZ and IPU in rice and the environment. The role of OsBZR4 in pesticide degradation is revealed, and its potential application in enhancing plant resistance to pesticides, and facilitating the breakdown of pesticides in rice and the environment, is discussed.
PMID: 38759408
New Phytol , IF:10.151 , 2024 Aug , V243 (3) : P1050-1064 doi: 10.1111/nph.19903
The lncRNA1-miR6288b-3p-PpTCP4-PpD2 module regulates peach branch number by affecting brassinosteroid biosynthesis.
College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 218 Pingan Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.; Henan Engineering and Technology Center for Peach Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.; Henan Provincial International Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.; College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, 218 Pingan Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
Branch number is one of the most important agronomic traits of fruit trees such as peach. Little is known about how LncRNA and/or miRNA modules regulate branching through transcription factors. Here, we used molecular and genetic tools to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying brassinosteroid (BR) altering plant branching. We found that the number of sylleptic branch and BR content in pillar peach ('Zhaoshouhong') was lower than those of standard type ('Okubo'), and exogenous BR application could significantly promote branching. PpTCP4 expressed great differentially comparing 'Zhaoshouhong' with 'Okubo'. PpTCP4 could directly bind to DWARF2 (PpD2) and inhibited its expression. PpD2 was the only one differentially expressed key gene in the path of BR biosynthesis. At the same time, PpTCP4 was identified as a target of miR6288b-3p. LncRNA1 could act as the endogenous target mimic of miR6288b-3p and repress expression of miR6288b-3p. Three deletions and five SNP sites of lncRNA1 promoter were found in 'Zhaoshouhong', which was an important cause of different mRNA level of PpTCP4 and BR content. Moreover, overexpressed PpTCP4 significantly inhibited branching. A novel mechanism in which the lncRNA1-miR6288b-3p-PpTCP4-PpD2 module regulates peach branching number was proposed.
PMID: 38872462
Plant Biotechnol J , IF:9.803 , 2024 Jul doi: 10.1111/pbi.14428
Cotton BOP1 mediates SUMOylation of GhBES1 to regulate fibre development and plant architecture.
State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.; Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng, China.
The Arabidopsis BLADE-ON-PETIOLE (BOP) genes are primarily known for their roles in regulating leaf and floral patterning. However, the broader functions of BOPs in regulating plant traits remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the role of the Gossypium hirsutum BOP1 gene in the regulation of fibre length and plant height through the brassinosteroid (BR) signalling pathway. Transgenic cotton plants overexpressing GhBOP1 display shorter fibre lengths and reduced plant height compared to the wild type. Conversely, GhBOP1 knockdown led to increased plant height and longer fibre, indicating a connection with phenotypes influenced by the BR pathway. Our genetic evidence supports the notion that GhBOP1 regulates fibre length and plant height in a GhBES1-dependent manner, with GhBES1 being a major transcription factor in the BR signalling pathway. Yeast two-hybrid, luciferase complementation assay and pull-down assay results demonstrated a direct interaction between GhBOP1 and GhSUMO1, potentially forming protein complexes with GhBES1. In vitro and in vivo SUMOylation analyses revealed that GhBOP1 functions in an E3 ligase-like manner to mediate GhBES1 SUMOylation and subsequent degradation. Therefore, our study not only uncovers a novel mechanism of GhBES1 SUMOylation but also provides significant insights into how GhBOP1 regulates fibre length and plant height by controlling GhBES1 accumulation.
PMID: 39003587
Plant Biotechnol J , IF:9.803 , 2024 Jul , V22 (7) : P1989-2006 doi: 10.1111/pbi.14319
The TaSnRK1-TabHLH489 module integrates brassinosteroid and sugar signalling to regulate the grain length in bread wheat.
The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.; State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.; Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.; Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), JIC-CAS, Beijing, China.
Regulation of grain size is a crucial strategy for improving the crop yield and is also a fundamental aspect of developmental biology. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms governing grain development in wheat remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified a wheat atypical basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, TabHLH489, which is tightly associated with grain length through genome-wide association study and map-based cloning. Knockout of TabHLH489 and its homologous genes resulted in increased grain length and weight, whereas the overexpression led to decreased grain length and weight. TaSnRK1alpha1, the alpha-catalytic subunit of plant energy sensor SnRK1, interacted with and phosphorylated TabHLH489 to induce its degradation, thereby promoting wheat grain development. Sugar treatment induced TaSnRK1alpha1 protein accumulation while reducing TabHLH489 protein levels. Moreover, brassinosteroid (BR) promotes grain development by decreasing TabHLH489 expression through the transcription factor BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 (BZR1). Importantly, natural variations in the promoter region of TabHLH489 affect the TaBZR1 binding ability, thereby influencing TabHLH489 expression. Taken together, our findings reveal that the TaSnRK1alpha1-TabHLH489 regulatory module integrates BR and sugar signalling to regulate grain length, presenting potential targets for enhancing grain size in wheat.
PMID: 38412139
Plant Physiol , IF:8.34 , 2024 Jul , V195 (4) : P3072-3096 doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiae147
A maize semi-dwarf mutant reveals a GRAS transcription factor involved in brassinosteroid signaling.
Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907USA.; Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.; Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.; Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.; Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.; Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Brassinosteroids (BR) and gibberellins (GA) regulate plant height and leaf angle in maize (Zea mays). Mutants with defects in BR or GA biosynthesis or signaling identify components of these pathways and enhance our knowledge about plant growth and development. In this study, we characterized three recessive mutant alleles of GRAS transcription factor 42 (gras42) in maize, a GRAS transcription factor gene orthologous to the DWARF AND LOW TILLERING (DLT) gene of rice (Oryza sativa). These maize mutants exhibited semi-dwarf stature, shorter and wider leaves, and more upright leaf angle. Transcriptome analysis revealed a role for GRAS42 as a determinant of BR signaling. Analysis of the expression consequences from loss of GRAS42 in the gras42-mu1021149 mutant indicated a weak loss of BR signaling in the mutant, consistent with its previously demonstrated role in BR signaling in rice. Loss of BR signaling was also evident by the enhancement of weak BR biosynthetic mutant alleles in double mutants of nana plant1-1 and gras42-mu1021149. The gras42-mu1021149 mutant had little effect on GA-regulated gene expression, suggesting that GRAS42 is not a regulator of core GA signaling genes in maize. Single-cell expression data identified gras42 expressed among cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle consistent with its previously demonstrated role in cell cycle gene expression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Cis-acting natural variation controlling GRAS42 transcript accumulation was identified by expression genome-wide association study (eGWAS) in maize. Our results demonstrate a conserved role for GRAS42/SCARECROW-LIKE 28 (SCL28)/DLT in BR signaling, clarify the role of this gene in GA signaling, and suggest mechanisms of tillering and leaf angle control by BR.
PMID: 38709680
Plant Physiol , IF:8.34 , 2024 Jul , V195 (4) : P2712-2726 doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiae217
Jasmonate mimic modulates cell elongation by regulating antagonistic bHLH transcription factors via brassinosteroid signaling.
State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.; College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
Lodging restricts growth, development, and yield formation in maize (Zea mays L.). Shorter internode length is beneficial for lodging tolerance. However, although brassinosteroids (BRs) and jasmonic acid (JA) are known to antagonistically regulate internode growth, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, application of the JA mimic coronatine (COR) inhibited basal internode elongation at the jointing stage and repressed expression of the cell wall-related gene XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLUCOSYLASE/HYDROLASE 1 (ZmXTH1), whose overexpression in maize plants promoted internode elongation. We demonstrated that the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor ZmbHLH154 directly binds to the ZmXTH1 promoter and induces its expression, whereas the bHLH transcription factor ILI1 BINDING BHLH 1 (ZmIBH1) inhibits this transcriptional activation by forming a heterodimer with ZmbHLH154. Overexpressing ZmbHLH154 led to longer internodes, whereas zmbhlh154 mutants had shorter internodes than the wild type. The core JA-dependent transcription factors ZmMYC2-4 and ZmMYC2-6 interacted with BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (ZmBZR1), a key factor in BR signaling, and these interactions eliminated the inhibitory effect of ZmBZR1 on its downstream gene ZmIBH1. Collectively, these results reveal a signaling module in which JA regulates a bHLH network by attenuating BR signaling to inhibit ZmXTH1 expression, thereby regulating cell elongation in maize.
PMID: 38636101
Elife , IF:8.14 , 2024 Jul , V12 doi: 10.7554/eLife.92110
Allosteric activation of the co-receptor BAK1 by the EFR receptor kinase initiates immune signaling.
Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.; Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, United States.; The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
Transmembrane signaling by plant receptor kinases (RKs) has long been thought to involve reciprocal trans-phosphorylation of their intracellular kinase domains. The fact that many of these are pseudokinase domains, however, suggests that additional mechanisms must govern RK signaling activation. Non-catalytic signaling mechanisms of protein kinase domains have been described in metazoans, but information is scarce for plants. Recently, a non-catalytic function was reported for the leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-RK subfamily XIIa member EFR (elongation factor Tu receptor) and phosphorylation-dependent conformational changes were proposed to regulate signaling of RKs with non-RD kinase domains. Here, using EFR as a model, we describe a non-catalytic activation mechanism for LRR-RKs with non-RD kinase domains. EFR is an active kinase, but a kinase-dead variant retains the ability to enhance catalytic activity of its co-receptor kinase BAK1/SERK3 (brassinosteroid insensitive 1-associated kinase 1/somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 3). Applying hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) analysis and designing homology-based intragenic suppressor mutations, we provide evidence that the EFR kinase domain must adopt its active conformation in order to activate BAK1 allosterically, likely by supporting alphaC-helix positioning in BAK1. Our results suggest a conformational toggle model for signaling, in which BAK1 first phosphorylates EFR in the activation loop to stabilize its active conformation, allowing EFR in turn to allosterically activate BAK1.
PMID: 39028038
Plant Cell Environ , IF:7.228 , 2024 Jul , V47 (7) : P2443-2458 doi: 10.1111/pce.14890
TaGSK3 regulates wheat development and stress adaptation through BR-dependent and BR-independent pathways.
State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
The GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase plays critical roles in plant development and response to stress, but its specific function remains largely unknown in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we investigated the function of TaGSK3, a GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase, in wheat development and response to stress. Our findings demonstrated that TaGSK3 mutants had significant effects on wheat seedling development and brassinosteroid (BR) signalling. Quadruple and quintuple mutants showed amplified BR signalling, promoting seedling development, while a sextuple mutant displayed severe developmental defects but still responded to exogenous BR signals, indicating redundancy and non-BR-related functions of TaGSK3. A gain-of-function mutation in TaGSK3-3D disrupted BR signalling, resulting in compact and dwarf plant architecture. Notably, this mutation conferred significant drought and heat stress resistance of wheat, and enhanced heat tolerance independent of BR signalling, unlike knock-down mutants. Further research revealed that this mutation maintains a higher relative water content by regulating stomatal-mediated water loss and maintains a lower ROS level to reduces cell damage, enabling better growth under stress. Our study provides comprehensive insights into the role of TaGSK3 in wheat development, stress response, and BR signal transduction, offering potential for modifying TaGSK3 to improve agronomic traits and enhance stress resistance in wheat.
PMID: 38557938
J Exp Bot , IF:6.992 , 2024 Jul doi: 10.1093/jxb/erae307
New insights into plasmodesmata: complex 'protoplasmic connecting threads'.
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA.
Intercellular communication in plants, as in other multicellular organisms, allows cells in tissues to coordinate their responses for development and in response to environmental stimuli. Much of this communication is facilitated by plasmodesmata (PD), consisting of membranes and cytoplasm, that connect adjacent cells to each other. PD have long been viewed as passive conduits for the movement of a variety of metabolites and molecular cargoes, but this perception has been changing over the last two decades or so. Research from the last few years has revealed the importance of PD as signaling hubs and as crucial players in hormone signaling. The adoption of advanced biochemical approaches, molecular tools and high-resolution imaging modalities have led to several recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the roles of PD, revealing the structural and regulatory complexity of these 'protoplasmic connecting threads'. We highlight several of these findings that we think well illustrate the current understanding of PD as functioning at the nexus of plant physiology, development, and acclimation to the environment.
PMID: 39001658
J Exp Bot , IF:6.992 , 2024 Jul , V75 (13) : P3778-3796 doi: 10.1093/jxb/erae162
Crosstalk between Rho of Plants GTPase signalling and plant hormones.
Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China.
Rho of Plants (ROPs) constitute a plant-specific subset of small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins within the Cdc42/Rho/Rac family. These versatile proteins regulate diverse cellular processes, including cell growth, cell division, cell morphogenesis, organ development, and stress responses. In recent years, the dynamic cellular and subcellular behaviours orchestrated by ROPs have unveiled a notable connection to hormone-mediated organ development and physiological responses, thereby expanding our knowledge of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of this signalling pathway. This review delineates advancements in understanding the interplay between plant hormones and the ROP signalling cascade, focusing primarily on the connections with auxin and abscisic acid pathways, alongside preliminary discoveries in cytokinin, brassinosteroid, and salicylic acid responses. It endeavours to shed light on the intricate, coordinated mechanisms bridging cell- and tissue-level signals that underlie plant cell behaviour, organ development, and physiological processes, and highlights future research prospects and challenges in this rapidly developing field.
PMID: 38616410
J Exp Bot , IF:6.992 , 2024 Jul , V75 (14) : P4180-4194 doi: 10.1093/jxb/erae105
Genetic and epigenetic basis of phytohormonal control of floral transition in plants.
Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
The timing of the developmental transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stage is critical for angiosperms, and is fine-tuned by the integration of endogenous factors and external environmental cues to ensure successful reproduction. Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to response to diverse environmental or stress signals, and these can be mediated by hormones to coordinate flowering time. Phytohormones such as gibberellin, auxin, cytokinin, jasmonate, abscisic acid, ethylene, and brassinosteroids and the cross-talk among them are critical for the precise regulation of flowering time. Recent studies of the model flowering plant Arabidopsis have revealed that diverse transcription factors and epigenetic regulators play key roles in relation to the phytohormones that regulate floral transition. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that underlie the phytohormonal control of floral transition in Arabidopsis, offering insights into how these processes are regulated and their implications for plant biology.
PMID: 38457356
Int J Biol Macromol , IF:6.953 , 2024 Jul , V273 (Pt 1) : P133084 doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133084
SERK3A and SERK3B could be S-nitrosylated and enhance the salt resistance in tomato seedlings.
College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China; Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.; College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China.; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 East University Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China.; Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.; College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China. Electronic address: liaowb@gsau.edu.cn.
Salinity hinders plant growth and development, resulting in reduced crop yields and diminished crop quality. Nitric oxide (NO) and brassinolides (BR) are plant growth regulators that coordinate a plethora of plant physiological responses. Nonetheless, the way in which these factors interact to affect salt tolerance is not well understood. BR is perceived by the BR receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) and its co-receptor BRI1-associated kinase 1 (BAK1) to form the receptor complex, eventually inducing BR-regulated responses. To response stress, a wide range of NO-mediated protein modifications is undergone in eukaryotic cells. Here, we showed that BR participated in NO-enhanced salt tolerance of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) and NO may activate BR signaling under salt stress, which was related to NO-mediated S-nitrosylation. Further, in vitro and in vivo results suggested that BAK1 (SERK3A and SERK3B) was S-nitrosylated, which was inhibited under salt condition and enhanced by NO. Accordingly, knockdown of SERK3A and SERK3B reduced the S-nitrosylation of BAK1 and resulted in a compromised BR response, thereby abolishing NO-induced salt tolerance. Besides, we provided evidence for the interaction between BRI1 and SERK3A/SERK3B. Meanwhile, NO enhanced BRI1-SERK3A/SERK3B interaction. These results imply that NO-mediated S-nitrosylation of BAK1 enhances the interaction BRI1-BAK1, facilitating BR response and subsequently improving salt tolerance in tomato. Our findings illustrate a mechanism by which redox signaling and BR signaling coordinate plant growth in response to abiotic stress.
PMID: 38871104
J Environ Manage , IF:6.789 , 2024 Jul , V366 : P121825 doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121825
Effects of N, N-bis (carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid and polyaspartic acid on the phytoremediation of cadmium in contaminated soil at the presence of pyrene: Biochemical properties and transcriptome analysis.
College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China. Electronic address: xqy010413@163.com.; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China; Shanghai Huali Integrated Circuit Manufacturing Co., LTD, Shanghai, 201317, China.; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China. Electronic address: zxyshu@shu.edu.cn.; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China. Electronic address: lxy999@shu.edu.cn.; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.; Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Taihu Basin & East China Sea Ecological Environment Supervision and Administration Bureau, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Shanghai, 200125, China.
Chelator-assisted phytoremediation is an efficacious method for promoting the removal efficiency of heavy metals (HMs). The effects of N, N-bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid (GLDA) and polyaspartic acid (PASP) on Cd uptake and pyrene removal by Solanum nigrum L. (S. nigrum) were compared in this study. Using GLDA or PASP, the removal efficiency of pyrene was over 98%. And PASP observably raised the accumulation and transport of Cd by S. nigrum compared with GLDA. Meanwhile, both GLDA and PASP markedly increased soil dehydrogenase activities (DHA) and microbial activities. DHA and microbial activities in the PASP treatment group were 1.05 and 1.06 folds of those in the GLDA treatment group, respectively. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 1206 and 1684 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were recognized in the GLDA treatment group and PASP treatment group, respectively. Most of the DEGs found in the PASP treatment group were involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, the biosynthesis of brassinosteroid and flavonoid, and they were up-regulated. The DEGs related to Cd transport were screened, and ABCG3, ABCC4, ABCG9 and Nramp5 were found to be relevant with the reduction of Cd stress in S. nigrum by PASP. Furthermore, with PASP treated, transcription factors (TFs) related to HMs such as WRKY, bHLH, AP2/ERF, MYB were down-regulated, while more MYB and bZIP TFs were up-regulated. These TFs associated with plant stress resistance would work together to induce oxidative stress. The above results indicated that PASP was more conducive for phytoremediation of Cd-pyrene co-contaminated soil than GLDA.
PMID: 38996604
Plant J , IF:6.417 , 2024 Jul , V119 (2) : P639-640 doi: 10.1111/tpj.16892
Keep your hormones in check: microRNA 394 finetunes brassinosteroid signalling.
PMID: 39003781
Plant J , IF:6.417 , 2024 Aug , V119 (3) : P1353-1368 doi: 10.1111/tpj.16855
A multifaceted crosstalk between brassinosteroid and gibberellin regulates the resistance of cucumber to Phytophthora melonis.
College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
Cucumber plants are highly susceptible to the hemibiotroph oomycete Phytophthora melonis. However, the mechanism of resistance to cucumber blight remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that cucumber plants with impairment in the biosynthesis of brassinosteroids (BRs) or gibberellins (GAs) were more susceptible to P. melonis. By contrast, increasing levels of endogenous BRs or exogenously application of 24-epibrassinolide enhanced the resistance of cucumber plants against P. melonis. Furthermore, we found that both knockout and overexpression of the BR biosynthesis gene CYP85A1 reduced the endogenous GA(3) content compared with that of wild-type plants under the condition of inoculation with P. melonis, and the enhancement of disease resistance conferred by BR was inhibited in plants with silencing of the GA biosynthetic gene GA20ox1 or KAO. Together, these findings suggest that GA homeostasis is an essential factor mediating BRs-induced disease resistance. Moreover, BZR6, a key regulator of BR signaling, was found to physically interact with GA20ox1, thereby suppressing its transcription. Silencing of BZR6 promoted endogenous GA biosynthesis and compromised GA-mediated resistance. These findings reveal multifaceted crosstalk between BR and GA in response to pathogen infection, which can provide a new approach for genetically controlling P. melonis damage in cucumber production.
PMID: 38829920
Plant J , IF:6.417 , 2024 Jul , V119 (2) : P645-657 doi: 10.1111/tpj.16806
miR394 modulates brassinosteroid signaling to regulate hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis.
The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250013, China.
The interplay between microRNAs (miRNAs) and phytohormones allows plants to integrate multiple internal and external signals to optimize their survival of different environmental conditions. Here, we report that miR394 and its target gene LEAF CURLING RESPONSIVENESS (LCR), which are transcriptionally responsive to BR, participate in BR signaling to regulate hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phenotypic analysis of various transgenic and mutant lines revealed that miR394 negatively regulates BR signaling during hypocotyl elongation, whereas LCR positively regulates this process. Genetically, miR394 functions upstream of BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2), BRASSINAZOLEs RESISTANT1 (BZR1), and BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1), but interacts with BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) and BRI1 SUPRESSOR PROTEIN (BSU1). RNA-sequencing analysis suggested that miR394 inhibits BR signaling through BIN2, as miR394 regulates a significant number of genes in common with BIN2. Additionally, miR394 increases the accumulation of BIN2 but decreases the accumulation of BZR1 and BES1, which are phosphorylated by BIN2. MiR394 also represses the transcription of PACLOBUTRAZOL RESISTANCE1/5/6 and EXPANSIN8, key genes that regulate hypocotyl elongation and are targets of BZR1/BES1. These findings reveal a new role for a miRNA in BR signaling in Arabidopsis.
PMID: 38761364
Plant Cell Physiol , IF:4.927 , 2024 Jul doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcae072
ATBS1-INTERACTING FACTOR 2 Positively Regulates Freezing Tolerance via INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1/C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR-Induced Cold Acclimation Pathway.
Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae -Gil, Wonju-Si 220-710, Republic of Korea.; Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
The INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1/C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (ICE1/CBF) pathway plays a crucial role in plant responses to cold stress, impacting growth and development. Here, we demonstrated that ATBS1-INTERACTING FACTOR 2 (AIF2), a non-DNA-binding basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, positively regulates freezing tolerance through the ICE1/CBF-induced cold tolerance pathway in Arabidopsis. Cold stress transcriptionally upregulated AIF2 expression and induced AIF2 phosphorylation, thereby stabilizing the AIF2 protein during early stages of cold acclimation. The AIF2 loss-of-function mutant, aif2-1, exhibited heightened sensitivity to freezing before and after cold acclimation. In contrast, ectopic expression of AIF2, but not the C-terminal-deleted AIF2 variant, restored freezing tolerance. AIF2 enhanced ICE1 stability during cold acclimation and promoted the transcriptional expression of CBFs and downstream cold-responsive genes, ultimately enhancing plant tolerance to freezing stress. MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES 3 and 6 (MPK3/6), known negative regulators of freezing tolerance, interacted with and phosphorylated AIF2, subjecting it to protein degradation. Furthermore, transient co-expression of MPK3/6 with AIF2 and ICE1 downregulated AIF2/ICE1-induced transactivation of CBF2 expression. AIF2 interacted preferentially with BIN2 and MPK3/6 during the early and later stages of cold acclimation, respectively, thereby differentially regulating AIF2 activity in a cold acclimation time-dependent manner. Moreover, AIF2 acted additively in a gain-of-function mutant of BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1; bzr1-1D) and a triple knockout mutant of BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2) and its homologs (bin2bil1bil2) to induce CBFs-mediated freezing tolerance. This suggests that cold-induced AIF2 coordinates freezing tolerance along with BZR1 and BIN2, key positive and negative components, respectively, of brassinosteroid signaling pathways.
PMID: 38957969
Physiol Plant , IF:4.5 , 2024 Jul-Aug , V176 (4) : Pe14424 doi: 10.1111/ppl.14424
LncRNA cis- and trans-regulation provides new insight into drought stress responses in wild barley.
Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies/ MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
Drought is one of the most common abiotic stresses that affect barley productivity. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been reported to be widely involved in abiotic stress, however, its function in the drought stress response in wild barley remains unclear. In this study, RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNA) among two wild barley and two cultivated barley genotypes. Then, the cis-regulatory networks were according to the chromosome position and the expression level correction. The GO annotation indicates that these cis-target genes are mainly involved in "ion transport transporter activity" and "metal ion transport transporter activity". Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), 10 drought-related modules were identified to contract trans-regulatory networks. The KEGG annotation demonstrated that these trans-target genes were enriched for photosynthetic physiology, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, and flavonoid metabolism. In addition, we constructed the lncRNA-mediated ceRNA regulatory network by predicting the microRNA response elements (MREs). Furthermore, the expressions of lncRNAs were verified by RT-qPCR. Functional verification of a candidate lncRNA, MSTRG.32128, demonstrated its positive role in drought response and root growth and development regulation. Hormone content analysis provided insights into the regulatory mechanisms of MSTRG.32128 in root development, revealing its involvement in auxin and ethylene signal transduction pathways. These findings advance our understanding of lncRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms in barley under drought stress. Our results will provide new insights into the functions of lncRNAs in barley responding to drought stress.
PMID: 38973627
BMC Plant Biol , IF:4.215 , 2024 Jul , V24 (1) : P680 doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05402-z
Metabolomics and transcriptomics combined with physiology reveal key metabolic pathway responses in tobacco roots exposed to NaHS.
State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.; Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China.; Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China. yujun80324@163.com.; State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China. xhb_2086@163.com.
Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) has emerged as a novel endogenous gas signaling molecule, joining the ranks of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Recent research has highlighted its involvement in various physiological processes, such as promoting root organogenesis, regulating stomatal movement and photosynthesis, and enhancing plant growth, development, and stress resistance. Tobacco, a significant cash crop crucial for farmers' economic income, relies heavily on root development to affect leaf growth, disease resistance, chemical composition, and yield. Despite its importance, there remains a scarcity of studies investigating the role of H(2)S in promoting tobacco growth. This study exposed tobacco seedlings to different concentrations of NaHS (an exogenous H(2)S donor) - 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/L. Results indicated a positive correlation between NaHS concentration and root length, wet weight, root activity, and antioxidant enzymatic activities (CAT, SOD, and POD) in tobacco roots. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that treatment with 600 mg/L NaHS significantly effected 162 key genes, 44 key enzymes, and two metabolic pathways (brassinosteroid synthesis and aspartate biosynthesis) in tobacco seedlings. The addition of exogenous NaHS not only promoted tobacco root development but also potentially reduced pesticide usage, contributing to a more sustainable ecological environment. Overall, this study sheds light on the primary metabolic pathways involved in tobacco root response to NaHS, offering new genetic insights for future investigations into plant root development.
PMID: 39020266
BMC Plant Biol , IF:4.215 , 2024 Jul , V24 (1) : P674 doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05396-8
Comprehensive elucidation of the differential physiological kale response to cytokinins under in vitro conditions.
Department of Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, 02-096, Poland. mkaminska@biol.uw.edu.pl.; Department of Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, 02-096, Poland.; Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences- SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland.
BACKGROUND: Kale, a versatile cruciferous crop, valued for its pro-health benefits, stress resistance, and potential applications in forage and cosmetics, holds promise for further enhancement of its bioactive compounds through in vitro cultivation methods. Micropropagation techniques use cytokinins (CKs) which are characterized by various proliferative efficiency. Despite the extensive knowledge regarding CKs, there remains a gap in understanding their role in the physiological mechanisms. That is why, here we investigated the effects of three CKs - kinetin (Kin), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) - on kale physiology, antioxidant status, steroidal metabolism, and membrane integrity under in vitro cultivation. RESULTS: Our study revealed that while BAP and 2iP stimulated shoot proliferation, they concurrently diminished pigment levels and photosynthetic efficiency. Heightened metabolic activity in response to all CKs was reflected by increased respiratory rate. Despite the differential burst of ROS, the antioxidant properties of kale were associated with the upregulation of guaiacol peroxidase and the scavenging properties of ascorbate rather than glutathione. Notably, CKs fostered the synthesis of sterols, particularly sitosterol, pivotal for cell proliferation and structure of membranes which are strongly disrupted under the action of BAP and 2iP possibly via pathway related to phospholipase D and lipoxygenase which were upregulated. Intriguingly, both CKs treatment spurred the accumulation of sitostenone, known for its ROS scavenging and therapeutic potential. The differential effects of CKs on brassicasterol levels and brassinosteroid (BRs) receptor suggest potential interactions between CKs and BRs. CONCLUSION: Based on the presented results we conclude that the effect evoked by BAP and 2iP in vitro can improve the industrial significance of kale because this treatment makes possible to control proliferation and/or biosynthesis routes of valuable beneficial compounds. Our work offers significant insights into the nuanced effects of CKs on kale physiology and metabolism, illuminating potential avenues for their application in plant biotechnology and medicinal research.
PMID: 39004738
BMC Genomics , IF:3.969 , 2024 Jul , V25 (1) : P682 doi: 10.1186/s12864-024-10579-6
Understanding the responses of tillering to 2,4-D isooctyl ester in Setaria viridis L.
Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.; Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China. sunjuan@qau.edu.cn.; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China. sunjuan@qau.edu.cn.
BACKGROUND: Green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.)] is one of the most abundant and troublesome annual grass weeds in alfalfa fields in Northeast China. Synthetic auxin herbicide is widely used in agriculture, while how auxin herbicide affects tillering on perennial grass weeds is still unclear. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to examine the effects of auxin herbicide 2,4-D on green foxtail growth, especially on tillers. RESULTS: In the study, 2,4-D isooctyl ester was used. There was an inhibition of plant height and fresh weight on green foxtail after application. The photosynthetic rate of the leaves was dramatically reduced and there was an accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Moreover, applying 2,4-D isooctyl ester significantly reduced the tillering buds at rates between 2100 and 8400 ga. i. /ha. Transcriptome results showed that applying 2,4-D isooctyl ester on leaves affected the phytohormone signal transduction pathways in plant tillers. Among them, there were significant effects on auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), and brassinosteroid signaling. Indeed, external ABA and GA on leaves also limited tillering in green foxtail. CONCLUSIONS: These data will be helpful to further understand the responses of green foxtail to 2, 4-D isooctyl ester, which may provide a unique perspective for the development and identification of new target compounds that are effective against this weed species.
PMID: 38982341
Plants (Basel) , IF:3.935 , 2024 Jul , V13 (13) doi: 10.3390/plants13131867
Overexpression of RpKTI2 from Robinia pseudoacacia Affects the Photosynthetic Physiology and Endogenous Hormones of Tobacco.
School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.; Henan Province Engineering Center of Horticulture Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang 453003, China.
Kunitz trypsin inhibitor genes play important roles in stress resistance. In this study, we investigated RpKTI2 cloned from Robinia pseudoacacia and its effect on tobacco. RpKTI2 was introduced into the tobacco cultivar NC89 using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Six RpKTI2-overexpressing lines were obtained. Transgenic and wild-type tobacco plants were then compared for photosynthetic characteristics and endogenous hormone levels. Transgenic tobacco showed minor changes in chlorophyll content, fluorescence, and photosynthetic functions. However, the maximum photochemical efficiency (F(v)/F(m)) increased significantly while intercellular CO(2) concentration (C(i)) decreased significantly. Stomatal size and hormone content (indole-3-acetic acid, zeatin riboside, gibberellin, and indole-3-propionic acid) were reduced, while brassinosteroid content increased. Random forest regression revealed that RpKTI2 overexpression had the biggest impact on carotenoid content, initial fluorescence, C(i), stomatal area, and indole-3-acetic acid. Overall, RpKTI2 overexpression minimally affected chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthetic system characteristics but influenced stomatal development and likely enhanced the antioxidant capacity of tobacco. These findings provide a basis for future in-depth research on RpKTI2.
PMID: 38999707
Biochem Biophys Res Commun , IF:3.575 , 2024 Sep , V723 : P150222 doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150222
Brassinosteroid-signaling kinase ZmBSK7 enhances salt stress tolerance in maize.
College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.; College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. Electronic address: ayzhang@njau.edu.cn.
Salinity has become a crucial environmental factor that restricts plant growth, development, and productivity. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which plants react to salt stress remain inadequately comprehended. In this study, we identified maize brassinosteroid-signaling kinase gene ZmBSK7 which is homologous to AtBSK1. Our results showed that ZmBSK7 is induced by salt stress and ZmBSK7 localizes in the plasma membrane. ZmBSK7 overexpression increases salt tolerance, while its knockdown decreases salt tolerance in maize. ZmBSK7 reduces the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the percentage of electrolyte leakage, and also elevates the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, ZmBSK7 promotes K(+) content accumulation and reduces Na(+)/K(+) ratio. Further found that ZmBSK7 physically interacts with K(+) efflux antiporter 2 (ZmKEA2) in vivo and in vitro. Salt stress also increased the expression of ZmKEA2. Thus, ZmBSK7 improves salt tolerance in maize by affecting ZmKEA2 expression to promote K(+) content accumulation and reduce Na(+)/K(+) ratio. This study enhances the comprehension of BSK proteins and establishes a theoretical foundation for investigating salt stress tolerance in plants.
PMID: 38850813
J Plant Physiol , IF:3.549 , 2024 Jul , V302 : P154318 doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154318
NHX5/NHX6/SPY22 complex regulates BRI1 and brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis.
Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China. Electronic address: qiuqsh@lzu.edu.cn.
NHX5 and NHX6, Arabidopsis endosomal antiporters, play a vital role in facilitating ion and pH homeostasis in endosomal compartments. Studies have found that NHX5 and NHX6 are essential for protein trafficking, auxin homeostasis, and plant growth and development. Here, we report the role of NHX5 and NHX6 in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. We found that hypocotyl growth was enhanced in nhx5 nhx6 under epibrassinolide (eBR) treatment. nhx5 nhx6 bri1 was insensitive to eBR treatment, indicating that NHX5 and NHX6 are downstream of the BRI1 receptor in BR signaling. Moreover, confocal observation with both hypocotyls and root tips showed that BRI1-YFP localization in the plasma membrane (PM) was reduced in nhx5 nhx6. Interestingly, brefeldin A (BFA) treatment showed that formation of the BFA bodies containing BRI1 and their disassembling were disrupted in nhx5 nhx6. Further genetic analysis showed that NHX5/NHX6 and SYP22 may act coordinately in BR signaling. NHX5 and NHX6 may regulate SYP22 function by modulating cellular K(+) and pH homeostasis. Importantly, NHX5 and NHX6 colocalize and interact with SYP22, but do not interact with BRI1. In summary, our findings indicate that NHX5/NHX6/SYP22 complex is essential for the regulation of BRI1 recycling and PM localization. The H(+)-leak facilitated by NHX5 and NHX6 offers a means of controlling BR signaling in plants.
PMID: 39059150
Plant Direct , IF:3.038 , 2024 Jul , V8 (7) : Pe618 doi: 10.1002/pld3.618
Overexpression of CsBRC, an F-box gene from Camellia sinensis, increased the plant branching in tobacco and rice.
Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science Guizhou University Guiyang China.; College of Tea Science, Institute of Plant Health and Medicine Guizhou University Guiyang China.
Tea plant (Camellia sinensis [L.]) is one of the most important crops in China, and tea branch is an important agronomic trait that determines the yield of tea plant. In previous work focused on GWAS that detecting GWAS signals related to plant architecture through whole genome re-sequencing of ancient tea plants, a gene locus TEA 029928 significantly related to plant type was found. Sequence alignment results showed that this gene belonged to the F-box family. We named it CsBRC. CsBRC-GFP fusion proteins were mainly localized in the plasma membrane. By comparing the phenotypes of CsBRC transgenic tobacco and WT tobacco, it was found that the number of branches of transgenic tobacco was significantly higher than that of wild-type tobacco. Through RNA-seq analysis, it was found that CsBRC affects the branching development of plants by regulating the expression of genes related to brassinosteroid synthesis pathway in plants. In addition, overexpression of CsBRC in rice could increase tiller number, grain length and width, and 1,000-grain weight.
PMID: 38962172