Trends Plant Sci , IF:18.313 , 2024 Jan , V29 (1) : P10-12 doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.10.010
Mutual dependence of brassinosteroid homeostasis and plasmodesmata permeability.
Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.; Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland. Electronic address: damian.gruszka@us.edu.pl.
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are exceptional phytohormones: they do not undergo a long-distance transport between plant organs. However, the mechanism of short-distance (intercellular) transport of BRs remains poorly understood. Recently, Wang et al. provided a novel insight into the mutual dependence of BR homeostasis, their intercellular transport, and plasmodesmata permeability.
PMID: 37919125
Trends Plant Sci , IF:18.313 , 2024 Jan , V29 (1) : P86-98 doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.09.005
Leveraging brassinosteroids towards the next Green Revolution.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: tonghongning@caas.cn.
The use of gibberellin-related dwarfing genes significantly increased grain yield during the Green Revolution. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a vital role in regulating agronomic traits and stress resistance. The potential of BR-related genes in crop improvement has been well demonstrated, positioning BRs as crucial targets for the next agricultural biotechnological revolution. However, BRs exert pleiotropic effects on plants, and thus present both opportunities and challenges for their application. Recent research suggests promising strategies for leveraging BR regulatory molecules for crop improvement, such as exploring function-specific genes, identifying beneficial alleles, inducing favorable mutations, and optimizing spatial hormone distribution. Advancing our understanding of the roles of BRs in plants is imperative to implement these strategies effectively.
PMID: 37805340
Nat Commun , IF:14.919 , 2024 Jan , V15 (1) : P370 doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-44492-5
BPG4 regulates chloroplast development and homeostasis by suppressing GLK transcription factors and involving light and brassinosteroid signaling.
Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.; CSRS, RIKEN, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.; School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan.; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba University, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba-shi, 305-8572, Japan.; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.; Ac-Planta Inc., Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0044, Japan.; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.; Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan. nakano.takeshi.6x@kyoto-u.ac.jp.; CSRS, RIKEN, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan. nakano.takeshi.6x@kyoto-u.ac.jp.
Chloroplast development adapts to the environment for performing suitable photosynthesis. Brassinosteroids (BRs), plant steroid hormones, have crucial effects on not only plant growth but also chloroplast development. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of BR signaling in chloroplast development remain unclear. Here, we identify a regulator of chloroplast development, BPG4, involved in light and BR signaling. BPG4 interacts with GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors that promote the expression of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (PhANGs), and suppresses their activities, thereby causing a decrease in the amounts of chlorophylls and the size of light-harvesting complexes. BPG4 expression is induced by BR deficiency and light, and is regulated by the circadian rhythm. BPG4 deficiency causes increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and damage to photosynthetic activity under excessive high-light conditions. Our findings suggest that BPG4 acts as a chloroplast homeostasis factor by fine-tuning the expression of PhANGs, optimizing chloroplast development, and avoiding ROS generation.
PMID: 38191552
New Phytol , IF:10.151 , 2024 Feb , V241 (4) : P1510-1524 doi: 10.1111/nph.19469
PHB3 interacts with BRI1 and BAK1 to mediate brassinosteroid signal transduction in Arabidopsis and tomato.
Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.; Shandong Institute of Innovation and Development, Jinan, 250101, China.; Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.; Xian Highness Agricultural Science & Technology Co. Ltd, Xian, Shaanxi, 710086, China.; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant hormones that are essential in plant growth and development. BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) and BRI1 ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (BAK1), which are located on the plasma membrane, function as co-receptors that accept and transmit BR signals. PROHIBITIN 3 (PHB3) was identified in both BRI1 and BAK1 complexes by affinity purification and LC-MS/MS analysis. Biochemical data showed that BRI1/BAK1 interacted with PHB3 in vitro and in vivo. BRI1/BAK1 phosphorylated PHB3 in vitro. When the Thr-80 amino acid in PHB3 was mutated to Ala, the mutant protein was not phosphorylated by BRI1 and the mutant protein interaction with BRI1 was abolished in the yeast two-hybrid assay. BAK1 did not phosphorylate the mutant protein PHB3(T54A) . The loss-of-function phb3 mutant showed a weaker BR signal than the wild-type. Genetic analyses revealed that PHB3 is a BRI1/BAK1 downstream substrate that participates in BR signalling. PHB3 has five homozygous in tomato, and we named the closest to AtPHB3 as SlPHB3.1. Biochemical data showed that SlBRI1/SlSERK3A/SlSERK3B interacted with SlPHB3.1 and SlPHB3.3. The CRISPR-Cas9 method generated slphb3.1 mutant led to a BR signal stunted relatively in tomatoes. PHB3 is a new component of the BR signal pathway in both Arabidopsis and tomato.
PMID: 38130037
Plant Biotechnol J , IF:9.803 , 2024 Feb , V22 (2) : P363-378 doi: 10.1111/pbi.14190
The GRAS protein OsDLA involves in brassinosteroid signalling and positively regulates blast resistance by forming a module with GSK2 and OsWRKY53 in rice.
MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Department of Plant Biosecurity, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.; MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, China.
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a crucial role in shaping the architecture of rice (Oryza sativa) plants. However, the regulatory mechanism of BR signalling in rice immunity remains largely unexplored. Here we identify a rice mutant dla, which exhibits decreased leaf angles and is insensitive to 24-epiBL (a highly active synthetic BR), resembling the BR-deficient phenotype. The dla mutation caused by a T-DNA insertion in the OsDLA gene leads to downregulation of the causative gene. The OsDLA knockout plants display reduced leaf angles and less sensitivity to 24-epiBL. In addition, both dla mutant and OsDLA knockout plants are more susceptible to rice blast compared to the wild type. OsDLA is a GRAS transcription factor and interacts with the BR signalling core negative regulator, GSK2. GSK2 phosphorylates OsDLA for degradation via the 26S proteasome. The GSK2 RNAi line exhibits enhanced rice blast resistance, while the overexpression lines thereof show susceptibility to rice blast. Furthermore, we show that OsDLA interacts with and stabilizes the WRKY transcription factor OsWRKY53, which has been demonstrated to positively regulate BR signalling and blast resistance. OsWRKY53 directly binds the promoter of PBZ1 and activates its expression, and this activation can be enhanced by OsDLA. Together, our findings unravel a novel mechanism whereby the GSK2-OsDLA-OsWRKY53 module coordinates blast resistance and plant architecture via BR signalling in rice.
PMID: 37794842
EMBO Rep , IF:8.807 , 2024 Jan doi: 10.1038/s44319-023-00029-x
S-acylation of a non-secreted peptide controls plant immunity via secreted-peptide signal activation.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.; Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China. yangchw@scnu.edu.cn.; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China. 20141062@m.scnu.edu.cn.
Small peptides modulate multiple processes in plant cells, but their regulation by post-translational modification remains unclear. ROT4 (ROTUNDIFOLIA4) belongs to a family of Arabidopsis non-secreted small peptides, but knowledge on its molecular function and how it is regulated is limited. Here, we find that ROT4 is S-acylated in plant cells. S-acylation is an important form of protein lipidation, yet so far it has not been reported to regulate small peptides in plants. We show that this modification is essential for the plasma membrane association of ROT4. Overexpression of S-acylated ROT4 results in a dramatic increase in immune gene expression. S-acylation of ROT4 enhances its interaction with BSK5 (BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE 5) to block the association between BSK5 and PEPR1 (PEP RECEPTOR1), a receptor kinase for secreted plant elicitor peptides (PEPs), thereby activating immune signaling. Phenotype analysis indicates that S-acylation is necessary for ROT4 functions in pathogen resistance, PEP response, and the regulation of development. Collectively, our work reveals an important role for S-acylation in the cross-talk of non-secreted and secreted peptide signaling in plant immunity.
PMID: 38177916
Plant Cell Environ , IF:7.228 , 2024 Feb , V47 (2) : P429-441 doi: 10.1111/pce.14758
Far-red light inhibits lateral bud growth mainly through enhancing apical dominance independently of strigolactone synthesis in tomato.
Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.; Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, People's Republic of China.; Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
The ratio of red light to far-red light (R:FR) is perceived by light receptors and consequently regulates plant architecture. Regulation of shoot branching by R:FR ratio involves plant hormones. However, the roles of strigolactone (SL), the key shoot branching hormone and the interplay of different hormones in the light regulation of shoot branching in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are elusive. Here, we found that defects in SL synthesis genes CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 7 (CCD7) and CCD8 in tomato resulted in more lateral bud growth but failed to reverse the FR inhibition of lateral bud growth, which was associated with increased auxin synthesis and decreased synthesis of cytokinin (CK) and brassinosteroid (BR). Treatment of auxin also inhibited shoot branching in ccd mutants. However, CK released the FR inhibition of lateral bud growth in ccd mutants, concomitant with the upregulation of BR synthesis genes. Furthermore, plants that overexpressed BR synthesis gene showed more lateral bud growth and the shoot branching was less sensitive to the low R:FR ratio. The results indicate that SL synthesis is dispensable for light regulation of shoot branching in tomato. Auxin mediates the response to R:FR ratio to regulate shoot branching by suppressing CK and BR synthesis.
PMID: 37916615
Plant Cell Environ , IF:7.228 , 2024 Feb , V47 (2) : P511-526 doi: 10.1111/pce.14745
Brassinosteroid enhances salt tolerance via S-nitrosoglutathione reductase and nitric oxide signaling pathway in mangrove Kandelia obovata.
Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Brassinosteroid (BR) has been shown to modulate plant tolerance to various stresses. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is involved in the plant response to environment stress by fine-turning the level of nitric oxide (NO). However, whether GSNOR is involved in BR-regulated Na(+) /K(+) homeostasis to improve the salt tolerance in halophyte is unknown. Here, we firstly reported that high salinity increases the expression of BR-biosynthesis genes and the endogenous levels of BR in mangrove Kandelia obovata. Then, salt-induced BR triggers the activities and gene expressions of GSNOR and antioxidant enzymes, thereafter decrease the levels of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide. Subsequently, BR-mediated GSNOR negatively regulates NO contributions to the reduction of reactive oxygen species generation and induction of the gene expression related to Na(+) and K(+) transport, leading to the decrease of Na(+) /K(+) ratio in the roots of K. obovata. Finally, the applications of exogenous BR, NO scavenger, BR biosynthetic inhibitor and GSNOR inhibitor further confirm the function of BR. Taken together, our result provides insight into the mechanism of BR in the response of mangrove K. obovata to high salinity via GSNOR and NO signaling pathway by reducing oxidative damage and modulating Na(+) /K(+) homeostasis.
PMID: 37869766
J Exp Bot , IF:6.992 , 2024 Jan , V75 (1) : P13-16 doi: 10.1093/jxb/erad394
How do brassinosteroids fit in bud outgrowth models?
Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia.; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Future Crops Development, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia.; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
A network of plant hormonal signals coordinates plant branching. Brassinosteroids are important in this network, acting as repressors of the strigolactone pathway and TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 .
PMID: 37846132
Int J Mol Sci , IF:5.923 , 2024 Jan , V25 (2) doi: 10.3390/ijms25021312
Transcriptomic and Phenotypic Analyses Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Dwarfing in Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia L.
State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.; Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Polyploid breeding techniques aid in the cultivation of new forestry cultivars, thus expanding the suite of strategies for the improvement of arboreal traits and innovation within the field of forestry. Compared to diploid Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust) 'D26-51 in circle' (2x), its dwarfed homologous tetraploid 'D26-52 in circle' (4x) variety has better application prospects in garden vegetation guardrails and urban landscape. However, the molecular mechanism of the generation and growth of this dwarf variety is still unclear. Here, plant growth and development as well as histological differences between the diploid and its autotetraploid were investigated. Levels of endogenous hormones at three different developmental stages (20, 40, and 70 days) of 2x and homologous 4x tissue culture plantlets were assessed, and it was found that the brassinosteroid (BR) contents of the former were significantly higher than the latter. Transcriptome sequencing data analysis of 2x and homologous 4x showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in plant hormone synthesis and signal transduction, sugar and starch metabolism, and the plant circadian rhythm pathway, which are closely related to plant growth and development. Therefore, these biological pathways may be important regulatory pathways leading to dwarfism and slow growth in tetraploids. Additionally, utilizing weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified three crucial differentially expressed genes (DEGs)-PRR5, CYP450, and SPA1-that potentially underlie the observed ploidy variation. This study provides a new reference for the molecular mechanism of dwarfism in dwarfed autotetraploid black locusts. Collectively, our results of metabolite analysis and comparative transcriptomics confirm that plant hormone signaling and the circadian rhythm pathway result in dwarfism in black locusts.
PMID: 38279314
Int J Mol Sci , IF:5.923 , 2024 Jan , V25 (2) doi: 10.3390/ijms25021284
RNAi-Mediated Suppression of OsBBTI5 Promotes Salt Stress Tolerance in Rice.
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Biotechnology Institute, Fuzhou 350003, China.; College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
This study explores the impact of RNAi in terms of selectively inhibiting the expression of the OsBBTI5 gene, with the primary objective of uncovering its involvement in the molecular mechanisms associated with salt tolerance in rice. OsBBTI5, belonging to the Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) family gene, is known for its involvement in plant stress responses. The gene was successfully cloned from rice, exhibiting transcriptional self-activation in yeast. A yeast two-hybrid assay confirmed its specific binding to OsAPX2 (an ascorbate peroxidase gene). Transgenic OsBBTI5-RNAi plants displayed insensitivity to varying concentrations of 24-epibrassinolide in the brassinosteroid sensitivity assay. However, they showed reduced root and plant height at high concentrations (10 and 100 microM) of GA(3) immersion. Enzyme activity assays revealed increased peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content under 40-60 mM NaCl. Transcriptomic analysis indicated a significant upregulation of photosynthesis-related genes in transgenic plants under salt stress compared to the wild type. Notably, this study provides novel insights, suggesting that the BBI gene is part of the BR signaling pathway, and that OsBBTI5 potentially enhances stress tolerance in transgenic plants through interaction with the salt stress-related gene OsAPX2.
PMID: 38279284
Int J Mol Sci , IF:5.923 , 2024 Jan , V25 (2) doi: 10.3390/ijms25020998
HvGSK1.1 Controls Salt Tolerance and Yield through the Brassinosteroid Signaling Pathway in Barley.
Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland.; Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of plant steroid hormones that are essential for plant growth and development. BRs control important agronomic traits and responses to abiotic stresses. Through the signaling pathway, BRs control the expression of thousands of genes, resulting in a variety of biological responses. The key effectors of the BR pathway are two transcription factors (TFs): BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) and BRI1-EMSSUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1). Both TFs are phosphorylated and inactivated by the Glycogen synthase kinase 3 BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2), which acts as a negative regulator of the BR pathway. In our study, we describe the functional characteristics of HvGSK1.1, which is one of the GSK3/SHAGGY-like orthologs in barley. We generated mutant lines of HvGSK1.1 using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of the edited region of the HvGSK1.1 showed a wide variety of mutations. Most of the changes (frameshift, premature stop codon, and translation termination) resulted in the knock-out of the target gene. The molecular and phenotypic characteristics of the mutant lines showed that the knock-out mutation of HvGSK1.1 improved plant growth performance under salt stress conditions and increased the thousand kernel weight of the plants grown under normal conditions. The inactivation of HvGSK1.1 enhanced BR-dependent signaling, as indicated by the results of the leaf inclination assay in the edited lines. The plant traits under investigation are consistent with those known to be regulated by BRs. These results, together with studies of other GSK3 gene members in other plant species, suggest that targeted editing of these genes may be useful in creating plants with improved agricultural traits.
PMID: 38256072
Int J Mol Sci , IF:5.923 , 2024 Jan , V25 (2) doi: 10.3390/ijms25020893
Understanding AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Responses and Tolerance to Various Abiotic Stresses in Plants: A Comprehensive Review.
Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.; Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.; Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany.
Abiotic stress is an adverse environmental factor that severely affects plant growth and development, and plants have developed complex regulatory mechanisms to adapt to these unfavourable conditions through long-term evolution. In recent years, many transcription factor families of genes have been identified to regulate the ability of plants to respond to abiotic stresses. Among them, the AP2/ERF (APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor) family is a large class of plant-specific proteins that regulate plant response to abiotic stresses and can also play a role in regulating plant growth and development. This paper reviews the structural features and classification of AP2/ERF transcription factors that are involved in transcriptional regulation, reciprocal proteins, downstream genes, and hormone-dependent signalling and hormone-independent signalling pathways in response to abiotic stress. The AP2/ERF transcription factors can synergise with hormone signalling to form cross-regulatory networks in response to and tolerance of abiotic stresses. Many of the AP2/ERF transcription factors activate the expression of abiotic stress-responsive genes that are dependent or independent of abscisic acid and ethylene in response to abscisic acid and ethylene. In addition, the AP2/ERF transcription factors are involved in gibberellin, auxin, brassinosteroid, and cytokinin-mediated abiotic stress responses. The study of AP2/ERF transcription factors and interacting proteins, as well as the identification of their downstream target genes, can provide us with a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of plant action in response to abiotic stress, which can improve plants' ability to tolerate abiotic stress and provide a more theoretical basis for increasing plant yield under abiotic stress.
PMID: 38255967
Plant Cell Physiol , IF:4.927 , 2024 Jan doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcae009
BIL9 Promotes Both Plant Growth via BR Signaling and Drought Stress Resistance by Binding with the Transcription Factor HDG11.
Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.; Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan.; Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan.; Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan.; Department of Biological Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan.; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Tokyo University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
Drought stress is a major threat leading to global plant and crop losses in the context of the climate change crisis. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant steroid hormones, and the BR signaling mechanism in plant development has been well elucidated. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms of BR signaling in drought stress are still unclear. Here, we identify a novel Arabidopsis gene, BRZ INSENSITIVE LONG HYPOCOTYL 9 (BIL9), which promotes plant growth via BR signaling. Overexpression of BIL9 enhances drought and mannitol stress resistance and increases the expression of drought-responsive genes. BIL9 protein is induced by dehydration and interacts with the HD-Zip IV transcription factor HOMEODOMAIN GLABROUS 11 (HDG11), which is known to promote plant resistance to drought stress, in vitro and in vivo. BIL9 enhanced the transcriptional activity of HDG11 for drought-stress-resistant genes. BIL9 is a novel BR signaling factor that enhances both plant growth and plant drought resistance.
PMID: 38242155
Ann Bot , IF:4.357 , 2024 Jan doi: 10.1093/aob/mcae004
PfPIN5 Promotes Style Elongation by Regulating Cell Length in Primula forbesii French.
State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture; College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Style dimorphism is one of the polymorphic characteristics of flowers in heterostyly plants, which includes two flower types: Pin morph with long styles and shorter anthers, and Thrum morph with short styles and longer anthers. The formation of dimorphic styles has received attention in the plant world. Previous studies showed that CYP734A50 in Primula determined the style length and limited style elongation, and brassinosteroid metabolic pathway was involved in regulating the style length. However, it is unknown whether there are other factors affecting the style length of Primula. METHODS: The differentially expressed genes highly expressed in Pin morph styles were screened based on P. forbesii transcriptome data. The virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used to silence these genes, and the style length and style anatomical changes were observed after 20 days of injection. KEY RESULTS: PfPIN5 highly expressed in Pin morph styles. When PfPIN5 was silenced, the style length was shortened in Pin and long homostyle plants by shortening the length of style cells. Moreover, silencing CYP734A50 in Thrum morph increased the expression level of PfPIN5 significantly and the style length increased. The results indicated that PfPIN5 as an auxin efflux transporter gene contributed to regulate the style elongation of P. forbesii. CONCLUSIONS: The results implied that the auxin pathway may also be involved in the formation of styles of P. forbesii, which provided a new pathway for elucidating the molecular mechanism of styles elongation in P. forbesii.
PMID: 38190350
Plant Physiol Biochem , IF:4.27 , 2024 Jan , V207 : P108360 doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108360
Comprehensive investigation of BZR gene family in four dicots and the function of PtBZR9 and PtBZR12 under drought stress.
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China. Electronic address: xiangyanahau@sina.com.
Brassinazole-resistant (BZR) transcription factor plays an important role in plant growth and stress resistance through brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. However, systematic analysis of the BZR family in dicots remains limited. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide study of four typical dicots: Arabidopsis thaliana, Carica papaya, Vitis vinifera and Populus trichocarpa. Thirty-four BZR gene family members were identified and classified them into three subfamilies. Analysis of promoter and expression patterns revealed crucial role of a pair of homologous BZR genes, PtBZR9 and PtBZR12, in poplar may play a critical role under abiotic stress. PtBZR9 and PtBZR12 were localised in the nucleus and exhibited mutual interactions. Moreover, transient overexpression (OE) of PtBZR9 and PtBZR12 in poplar enhanced tolerance to drought stress. The phenotypic and physiological characteristics of PtBZR9 and PtBZR12 OE in Arabidopsis mirrored those of transient OE in the poplar. Additionally, PtBZR9 and PtBZR12 can bind to the E-box element. Under exogenous BR treatment, transgenic lines displayed a greater decrease in root length than the wild type. Thus, these findings provide a solid foundation for future research on the complex regulatory mechanisms of BZR genes.
PMID: 38266559
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int , IF:4.223 , 2024 Jan , V31 (5) : P7008-7026 doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-31549-7
Exogenous application of jasmonates and brassinosteroids alleviates lead toxicity in bamboo by altering biochemical and physiological attributes.
Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China. emamverdiyan@njfu.edu.cn.; Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China. emamverdiyan@njfu.edu.cn.; Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia.; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Biology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, 53100, Turkiye.; Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.; Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198, Moscow, Russia.
Exogenous application of phytohormones is getting promising results in alleviating abiotic stresses, particularly heavy metal (HMs). Jasmonate (JA) and brassinosteroid (BR) have crosstalk in bamboo plants, reflecting a burgeoning area of investigation. Lead (Pb) is the most common pollutant in the environment, adversely affecting plants and human health. The current study focused on the foliar application of 10 microM JA and 10 microM BR in both single and combination forms on bamboo plants grown under Pb stress (0, 50, 100, 150 microM) with a completely randomized design by four replications. The study found that applying 10 microM JA and 10 microM BR significantly improves growth and tolerance by reducing oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species including hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2), 32.91%), superoxide radicals (O(2)(-*), 33.9%), methylglyoxal (MG, 19%), membrane lipoperoxidation (25.66%), and electrolyte leakage (41.5%) while increasing antioxidant (SOD (18%), POD (13%), CAT (20%), APX (12%), and GR (19%)), non-antioxidant (total phenolics (7%), flavonols (12.3%), and tocopherols (13.8%)), and glyoxylate activity (GLy(I) (13%), GLy(II) (19%)), proline content (19%), plant metal chelating capacity (17.3%), photosynthetic pigments (16%), plant growth (10%), and biomass (12%). We found that JA and BR, in concert, boost bamboo species' Pb tolerance by enhancing antioxidant and glyoxalase cycles, ion chelation, and reducing metal translocation and accumulation. This conclusively demonstrates that utilizing a BR-JA combination form at 10 microM dose may have the potential to yield optimal efficiency in mitigating oxidative stress in bamboo plants.
PMID: 38158528
BMC Plant Biol , IF:4.215 , 2024 Jan , V24 (1) : P55 doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-04732-2
Phototropin2 3'UTR overlaps with the AT5G58150 gene encoding an inactive RLK kinase.
Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Krakow, Poland. justyna.sojka@uj.edu.pl.; Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
BACKGROUND: This study examines the biological implications of an overlap between two sequences in the Arabidopsis genome, the 3'UTR of the PHOT2 gene and a putative AT5G58150 gene, encoded on the complementary strand. AT5G58150 is a probably inactive protein kinase that belongs to the transmembrane, leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase family. Phot2 is a membrane-bound UV/blue light photoreceptor kinase. Thus, both proteins share their cellular localization, on top of the proximity of their loci. RESULTS: The extent of the overlap between 3'UTR regions of AT5G58150 and PHOT2 was found to be 66 bp, using RACE PCR. Both the at5g58150 T-DNA SALK_093781C (with insertion in the promoter region) and 35S::AT5G58150-GFP lines overexpress the AT5G58150 gene. A detailed analysis did not reveal any substantial impact of PHOT2 or AT5G58150 on their mutual expression levels in different light and osmotic stress conditions. AT5G58150 is a plasma membrane protein, with no apparent kinase activity, as tested on several potential substrates. It appears not to form homodimers and it does not interact with PHOT2. Lines that overexpress AT5G58150 exhibit a greater reduction in lateral root density due to salt and osmotic stress than wild-type plants, which suggests that AT5G58150 may participate in root elongation and formation of lateral roots. In line with this, mass spectrometry analysis identified proteins with ATPase activity, which are involved in proton transport and cell elongation, as putative interactors of AT5G58150. Membrane kinases, including other members of the LRR RLK family and BSK kinases (positive regulators of brassinosteroid signalling), can also act as partners for AT5G58150. CONCLUSIONS: AT5G58150 is a membrane protein that does not exhibit measurable kinase activity, but is involved in signalling through interactions with other proteins. Based on the interactome and root architecture analysis, AT5G58150 may be involved in plant response to salt and osmotic stress and the formation of roots in Arabidopsis.
PMID: 38238701
BMC Genomics , IF:3.969 , 2024 Jan , V25 (1) : P102 doi: 10.1186/s12864-024-09970-0
Computational analysis of the AP2/ERF family in crops genome.
Har Gobind Khorana School of Life Sciences, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, India. shouharthac@gmail.com.; Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, India. shouharthac@gmail.com.; Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, India. shouharthac@gmail.com.
BACKGROUND: The Apetala 2/ethylene-responsive factor family has diverse functions that enhance development and torment resistance in the plant genome. In variation, the ethylene-responsive factor (ERF) family of TF's genes is extensive in the crop genome. Generally, the plant-specific ethylene-responsive factor family may divided by the dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) subfamily. So, the AP2/ERF super-family demonstrated the repeated AP2 domain during growth. The sole AP2 domain function represents abiotic stress resistance. Also, the AP2 with B3 domain enhances during the replication of brassinosteroid. OBJECTIVE: The study objective is to investigate the Apetala 2/ethylene-responsive factor family in a model organism of the Arabidopsis thaliana for comparative analysis towards Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato), Brassica juncea (Indian and Chinese mustard), Zea mays L. (Maize) and Oryza sativa (Indian and Japanese Rice). So, examinations of the large AP2/ERF super-family are mandatory to explore the Apetala 2 (AP2) family, ERF family, DREB subfamily, and RAV family involved during growth and abiotic stress stimuli in crops. METHODS: Therefore, perform bioinformatics and computational methods to the current knowledge of the Apetala 2/ethylene-responsive factor family and their subfamilies in the crop genome. This method may be valuable for functional analysis of particular genes and their families in the plant genome. RESULTS: Observation data provided evidence of the Apetala 2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) super-family and their sub-family present in Arabidopsis thaliana (Dicots) and compared with Solanum lycopersicum (Dicots), Brassica juncea (Dicots), Zea mays L. (Monocots) and Oryza sativa (Monocots). Also, remarks genes in Oryza sativa. This report upgraded the Apetala 2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) family in the crop genome. So, the analysis documented the conserved domain, motifs, and phylogenetic tree towards Dicots and Monocots species. Those outcomes will be valuable for future studies of the defensive Apetala 2/ethylene-responsive factor family in crops. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the study concluded that the several species-specific TF genes in the Apetala 2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) family in Arabidopsis thaliana and compared with crop-species of Solanum lycopersicum, Brassica juncea, Zea mays L. and Oryza sativa. Those plant-specific genes regulate during growth and abiotic stress control in plants.
PMID: 38262942
Plants (Basel) , IF:3.935 , 2024 Jan , V13 (2) doi: 10.3390/plants13020309
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Genes Involved in the Response of Pyrus betuleafolia to Drought and High-Temperature Stress.
College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
Drought and high-temperature stress are the main abiotic stresses that alone or simultaneously affect the yield and quality of pears worldwide. However, studies on the mechanisms of drought or high-temperature resistance in pears remain elusive. Therefore, the molecular responses of Pyrus betuleafolia, the widely used rootstock in pear production, to drought and high temperatures require further study. Here, drought- or high-temperature-resistant seedlings were selected from many Pyrus betuleafolia seedlings. The leaf samples collected before and after drought or high-temperature treatment were used to perform RNA sequencing analysis. For drought treatment, a total of 11,731 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 4444 drought-induced genes and 7287 drought-inhibited genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that these DEGs were more significantly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, flavonoid biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism. For high-temperature treatment, 9639 DEGs were identified, including 5493 significantly upregulated genes and 4146 significantly downregulated genes due to high-temperature stress. KEGG analysis showed that brassinosteroid biosynthesis, arginine metabolism, and proline metabolism were the most enriched pathways for high-temperature response. Meanwhile, the common genes that respond to both drought and high-temperature stress were subsequently identified, with a focus on responsive transcription factors, such as MYB, HSF, bZIP, and WRKY. These results reveal potential genes that function in drought or high-temperature resistance. This study provides a theoretical basis and gene resources for the genetic improvement and molecular breeding of pears.
PMID: 38276764
Life (Basel) , IF:3.817 , 2024 Jan , V14 (1) doi: 10.3390/life14010160
Heat Pre-Treatment Modified Host and Non-Host Interactions of Powdery Mildew with Barley Brassinosteroid Mutants and Wild Types.
Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Gorski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.; Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, HUN-REN, Herman Otto ut 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary.; Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, University of the National Education Commission, Krakow, Podchorazych 2, 31-054 Krakow, Poland.; Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
High temperatures associated with climate change may increase the severity of plant diseases. This study investigated the effect of heat shock treatment on host and non-host barley powdery mildew interactions using brassinosteroid (BR) mutants of barley. Brassinosteroids are plant steroid hormones, but so far little is known about their role in plant-fungal interactions. Wild type barley cultivar Bowman and its near-isogenic lines with disturbances in BR biosynthesis or signalling showed high compatibility to barley powdery mildew race A6, while cultivar Delisa and its BR-deficient mutants 522DK and 527DK were fully incompatible with this pathogen (host plant-pathogen interactions). On the other hand, Bowman and its mutants were highly resistant to wheat powdery mildew, representing non-host plant-pathogen interactions. Heat pre-treatment induced shifts in these plant-pathogen interactions towards higher susceptibility. In agreement with the more severe disease symptoms, light microscopy showed a decrease in papillae formation and hypersensitive response, characteristic of incompatible interactions, when heat pre-treatment was applied. Mutant 527DK, but not 522DK, maintained high resistance to barley powdery mildew race A6 despite heat pre-treatment. By 10 days after heat treatment and infection, a noticeable shift became apparent in the chlorophyll a fluorescence and in various leaf reflectance parameters at all genotypes.
PMID: 38276289
Life (Basel) , IF:3.817 , 2024 Jan , V14 (1) doi: 10.3390/life14010124
Protein-Protein Interactions of Seryl-tRNA Synthetases with Emphasis on Human Counterparts and Their Connection to Health and Disease.
Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Seryl-tRNA synthetases (SerRSs), members of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family, interact with diverse proteins, enabling SerRSs to enhance their role in the translation of the genetic message or to perform alternative functions in cellular processes beyond translation. Atypical archaeal SerRS interacts with arginyl-tRNA synthetase and proteins of the ribosomal P-stalk to optimize translation through tRNA channeling. The complex between yeast SerRS and peroxin Pex21p provides a connection between translation and peroxisome function. The partnership between Arabidopsis SerRS and BEN1 indicates a link between translation and brassinosteroid metabolism and may be relevant in plant stress response mechanisms. In Drosophila, the unusual heterodimeric mitochondrial SerRS coordinates mitochondrial translation and replication via interaction with LON protease. Evolutionarily conserved interactions of yeast and human SerRSs with m(3)C32 tRNA methyltransferases indicate coordination between tRNA modification and aminoacylation in the cytosol and mitochondria. Human cytosolic SerRS is a cellular hub protein connecting translation to vascular development, angiogenesis, lipogenesis, and telomere maintenance. When translocated to the nucleus, SerRS acts as a master negative regulator of VEGFA gene expression. SerRS alone or in complex with YY1 and SIRT2 competes with activating transcription factors NFkappaB1 and c-Myc, resulting in balanced VEGFA expression important for proper vascular development and angiogenesis. In hypoxia, SerRS phosphorylation diminishes its binding to the VEGFA promoter, while the lack of nutrients triggers SerRS glycosylation, reducing its nuclear localization. Additionally, SerRS binds telomeric DNA and cooperates with the shelterin protein POT1 to regulate telomere length and cellular senescence. As an antitumor and antiangiogenic factor, human cytosolic SerRS appears to be a promising drug target and therapeutic agent for treating cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and possibly obesity and aging.
PMID: 38255739
J Sci Food Agric , IF:3.638 , 2024 Feb , V104 (3) : P1621-1629 doi: 10.1002/jsfa.13047
Impact of 24-epibrassinoliode and methyl jasmonate on quality of Red Delicious apples.
Engineering Technology Research Center of Characteristic Biological Resources in Northeast of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.; College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China.; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
BACKGROUND: Changes in apple fruit quality indices in response to foliar spray with 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) at 0 and 1 mumol L(-1) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) at 0 and 0.5 mumol L(-1) , as well as the combination of these phytohormones, were investigated at harvest and during cold storage. RESULTS: Both phytohormones synergistically enhanced the fruit firmness, specific weight, size, fresh weight, water content, total antioxidant activity, total phenolics, ascorbic acid, total anthocyanins, total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio and precocity. In addition, the fruit abscission pattern was changed in response to different treatments. Treated fruit exhibited lower weight loss and internal breakdown symptoms and higher total soluble solids index, firmness and phytochemicals during cold storage. A negative correlation was seen between fruit mass, firmness, specific weight, antioxidant activity, total phenolics and vitamin C content with internal breakdown occurrence and weight loss. CONCLUSION: Foliar spray with EBL and MeJA during the growth season is a good environmental friendly and safe method for enhancing the apple fruit different quality parameters, marketability and postharvest life. (c) 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
PMID: 37827991
Plant Signal Behav , IF:2.247 , 2023 Dec , V18 (1) : P2229957 doi: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2229957
The RGI1-BAK1 module acts as the main receptor-coreceptor pair for regulating primary root gravitropism and meristem activity in response to RGF1 peptide in Arabidopsis.
Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.; Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.; Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
ROOT MERISTEM GROWTH FACTOR1 (RGF1) and its receptors RGF1 INSENSITIVEs (RGIs), a group of leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases, promote primary root meristem activity via a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) signaling cascade and control root gravitropism in Arabidopsis. Genetic analyses and in vitro binding assays have indicated that among five RGIs identified in Arabidopsis, RGI1, RGI2, and RGI3 recognize RGF1 peptides. However, it remains unclear whether the RGF1 peptide is redundantly recognized by these RGIs or mainly by a single RGI in the regulation of primary root meristem activity. In the present study, we analyzed root meristem growth of the rgi1, rgi2, and rgi3 single mutants in response to RGF1 treatment and observed a significantly decreased sensitivity in meristem growth of rgi1 and complete insensitivity in rgi1 rgi2 rgi3 triple mutant compared with the wild type but not in the rgi1 and rgi2 single mutants. We also observed that both root gravitropism and meristem growth in the BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (bak1) single mutant were insensitive to RGF1 peptide treatment, whereas other serk mutants, such as serk1, serk2, and serk4, were fully sensitive to RGF1 peptide like the wild type. These mutant analyses suggest that RGI1-BAK1 pair acts as the main receptor-coreceptor pair for regulating primary root gravitropism and meristem activity in response to RGF1 peptide in Arabidopsis.
PMID: 37382066
Plant Signal Behav , IF:2.247 , 2023 Dec , V18 (1) : P2186640 doi: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2186640
Exogenous Brassinosteroid Enhances Zinc tolerance by activating the Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis pathway in Citrullus lanatus L.
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China.; Jiangsu Safety & Environment Technology and Equipment for Planting and Breeding Industry Engineering Research Center, Yangzhou, China.
Zinc (Zn) is an important element in plants, but over-accumulation of Zn is harmful. The phytohormone brassinosteroids (BRs) play a key role in regulating plant growth, development, and response to stress. However, the role of BRs in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) under Zn stress, one of the most important horticultural crops, remains largely unknown. In this study, we revealed that 24-epibrassinolide (EBR), a bioactive BR enhanced Zn tolerance in watermelon plants, which was related to the EBR-induced increase in the fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and decrease in the content of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Zn in watermelon leaves. Through RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq), 350 different expressed genes (DEG) were found to be involved in the response to Zn stress after EBR treatment, including 175 up-regulated DEGs and 175 down-regulated DEGs. The up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in 'phenylpropanoid biosynthesis' pathway (map00940) using KEGG enrichment analysis. The gene expression levels of PAL, 4CL, CCR, and CCoAOMT, key genes involved in phenylpropanoid pathway, were significantly induced after EBR treatment. In addition, compared with Zn stress alone, EBR treatment significantly promoted the activities of PAL, 4CL, and POD by 30.90%, 20.69%, and 47.28%, respectively, and increased the content of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and lignin by 23.02%, 40.37%, and 29.26%, respectively. The present research indicates that EBR plays an active role in strengthening Zn tolerance, thus providing new insights into the mechanism of BRs enhancing heavy metal tolerance.
PMID: 37083111
Plant Signal Behav , IF:2.247 , 2023 Dec , V18 (1) : P2163337 doi: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2163337
Arabidopsis clathrin adaptor EPSIN1 but not MODIFIED TRANSPORT TO THE VACOULE1 contributes to effective plant immunity against pathogenic Pseudomonas bacteria.
University of Missouri-Columbia, Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group (IPG), Columbia, MO, USA.; Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
In eukaryotes, EPSINs are Epsin N-terminal Homology (ENTH) domain-containing proteins that serve as monomeric clathrin adaptors at the plasma membrane (PM) or the trans-Golgi Network (TGN)/early endosomes (EE). The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana encodes for seven ENTH proteins, of which so far, only AtEPSIN1 (AtEPS1) and MODIFIED TRANSPORT TO THE VACUOLE1 (AtMTV1) localize to the TGN/EE and contribute to cargo trafficking to both the cell surface and the vacuole. However, relatively little is known about role(s) of any plant EPSIN in governing physiological responses. We have recently shown that AtEPS1 is a positive modulator of plant immune signaling and pattern-triggered immunity against flagellated Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 bacteria. In eps1 mutants, impaired immune responses correlate with reduced accumulation of the receptor FLAGELLIN SENSING2 (AtFLS2) and the convergent immune co-receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENTIVE1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE1 (AtBAK1) in the PM. Here, we report that in contrast to AtEPS1, the TGN/EE-localized AtMTV1 did not contribute significantly to immunity against pathogenic Pto DC3000 bacteria. We also compared the amino acid sequences, peptide motif structures and in silico tertiary structures of the ENTH domains of AtEPS1 and AtMTV1 in more detail. We conclude that despite sharing the classical tertiary alpha helical ENTH-domain structure and clathrin-binding motifs, the overall low amino acid identity and differences in peptide motifs may explain their role(s) in trafficking of some of the same as well as distinct cargo components to their site of function, with the latter potentially contributing to differences in physiological responses.
PMID: 36603596
Plant Signal Behav , IF:2.247 , 2023 Dec , V18 (1) : P2153209 doi: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2153209
MYB3R-SCL28-SMR module with a role in cell size control negatively regulates G2 progression in Arabidopsis.
School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.; Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.; Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan.; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Cell size control is one of the prerequisites for plant growth and development. Recently, a GRAS family transcription factor, SCARECROW-LIKE28 (SCL28), was identified as a critical regulator for both mitotic and postmitotic cell-size control. Here, we show that SCL28 is specifically expressed in proliferating cells and exerts its function to delay G2 progression during mitotic cell cycle in Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of SCL28 provokes a significant enlargement of cells in various organs and tissues, such as leaves, flowers and seeds, to different extents depending on the type of cells. The increased cell size is most likely due to a delayed G2 progression and accelerated onset of endoreplication, an atypical cell cycle repeating DNA replication without cytokinesis or mitosis. Unlike DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING, a rice ortholog of SCL28, SCL28 may not have a role in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling because sensitivity against brassinazole, a BR biosynthesis inhibitor, was not dramatically altered in scl28 mutant and SCL28-overexpressing plants. Collectively, our findings strengthen a recently proposed model of cell size control by SCL28 and suggest the presence of diversified evolutionary mechanisms for the regulation and action of SCL28.
PMID: 36576149
Plant Commun , 2024 Jan : P100790 doi: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100790
Heat stress impairs floral meristem termination and fruit development via affecting BR-SlCRCa cascade in tomato.
College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.; Department of Plant Bio-Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.; College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. Electronic address: wus@fafu.edu.cn.
Floral meristem termination is a key step leading to carpel initiation and fruit development. The frequent occurrence of heat stress due to global warming often disrupts floral determinacy, resulting in defective fruit formation. However, the detailed mechanism behind this phenomenon is largely unknown. Here, we identify CRABS CLAW a (SlCRCa) as a key regulator of floral meristem termination in tomato. SlCRCa functions as an indispensable floral meristem terminator by suppressing SlWUS activity through a network of TOMATO AGAMOUS 1 (TAG1)-KNUCKLES (SlKNU)- INHIBITOR OF MERISTEM ACTIVITY (SlIMA). The direct binding assay revealed that SlCRCa specifically binds to the promoter and second intron of WUSCHEL (SlWUS). We also demonstrate that SlCRCa expression depends on brassinosteroid (BR) homeostasis in the floral meristem, which is repressed by heat stress via the circadian factor EARLY FLOWERING 3 (SlELF3). Collectively, these results provide new insights into floral meristem termination and the heat stress response in flowers and fruits of tomato and suggest that SlCRCa provide a platform for multiple proteins interactions which may epigenetically abrogate stem cell activity at the transition from floral meristem to carpel initiation.
PMID: 38168638