Trends Plant Sci , IF:18.313 , 2023 Oct doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.09.005
Leveraging brassinosteroids towards the next Green Revolution.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: tonghongning@caas.cn.
The use of gibberellin-related dwarfing genes significantly increased grain yield during the Green Revolution. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a vital role in regulating agronomic traits and stress resistance. The potential of BR-related genes in crop improvement has been well demonstrated, positioning BRs as crucial targets for the next agricultural biotechnological revolution. However, BRs exert pleiotropic effects on plants, and thus present both opportunities and challenges for their application. Recent research suggests promising strategies for leveraging BR regulatory molecules for crop improvement, such as exploring function-specific genes, identifying beneficial alleles, inducing favorable mutations, and optimizing spatial hormone distribution. Advancing our understanding of the roles of BRs in plants is imperative to implement these strategies effectively.
PMID: 37805340
Trends Plant Sci , IF:18.313 , 2023 Nov , V28 (11) : P1208-1210 doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.07.010
Single cell RNA-seq in phytohormone signaling: a promising future.
College of Agriculture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.; State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.; State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Electronic address: rajeev.varshney@murdoch.edu.au.; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China. Electronic address: liuhao@gdaas.cn.
Phytohormone signaling regulates plant growth and development. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides unprecedented opportunities to decipher hormone-mediated spatiotemporal gene regulatory networks. In a recent study, Nolan et al. used time-series scRNA-seq to identify the cortex as a key site for brassinosteroid (BR)-mediated gene expression and revealed a signaling network during cell phase transition.
PMID: 37550122
Nat Chem Biol , IF:15.04 , 2023 Nov , V19 (11) : P1331-1341 doi: 10.1038/s41589-023-01346-x
Plasmodesmata mediate cell-to-cell transport of brassinosteroid hormones.
Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.; Laboratoire de Biogenese Membranaire, Unite Mixte de Recherche 5200, Universite de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Villenave d'Ornon, France.; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory and Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.; Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.; Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. nemanja.vukasinovic@psb.vib-ugent.be.; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium. nemanja.vukasinovic@psb.vib-ugent.be.; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. eurus@psb.vib-ugent.be.; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium. eurus@psb.vib-ugent.be.
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroidal phytohormones that are essential for plant growth, development and adaptation to environmental stresses. BRs act in a dose-dependent manner and do not travel over long distances; hence, BR homeostasis maintenance is critical for their function. Biosynthesis of bioactive BRs relies on the cell-to-cell movement of hormone precursors. However, the mechanism of the short-distance BR transport is unknown, and its contribution to the control of endogenous BR levels remains unexplored. Here we demonstrate that plasmodesmata (PD) mediate the passage of BRs between neighboring cells. Intracellular BR content, in turn, is capable of modulating PD permeability to optimize its own mobility, thereby manipulating BR biosynthesis and signaling. Our work uncovers a thus far unknown mode of steroid transport in eukaryotes and exposes an additional layer of BR homeostasis regulation in plants.
PMID: 37365405
Nat Commun , IF:14.919 , 2023 Oct , V14 (1) : P6898 doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42618-3
Shade-induced RTFL/DVL peptides negatively regulate the shade response by directly interacting with BSKs in Arabidopsis.
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plants Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plants Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China. linli@fudan.edu.cn.
For shade-intolerant species, shade light indicates the close proximity of neighboring plants and triggers the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), which causes exaggerated growth and reduced crop yield. Here, we report that non-secreted ROT FOUR LIKE (RTFL)/DEVIL (DVL) peptides negatively regulate SAS by interacting with BRASSINOSTEROID SIGNALING KINASEs (BSKs) and reducing the protein level of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) in Arabidopsis. The transcription of at least five RTFLs (RTFL13/16/17/18/21) is induced by low R:FR light. The RTFL18 (DVL1) protein is stabilized under low R:FR conditions and localized to the plasma membrane. A phenotype analysis reveals that RTFL18 negatively regulates low R:FR-promoted petiole elongation. BSK3 and BSK6 are identified as partners of RTFL18 through binding assays and structural modeling. The overexpression of RTFL18 or knockdown of BSK3/6 reduces BRASSINOSTEROID signaling and reduces low R:FR-stabilized PIF4 levels. Genetically, the overexpression of BSK3/6 and PIF4 restores the petiole phenotype acquired by RTFL18-overexpressing lines. Collectively, our work characterizes a signaling cascade (the RTFLs-BSK3/6-PIF4 pathway) that prevents the excessive activation of the shade avoidance response in Arabidopsis.
PMID: 37898648
Mol Plant , IF:13.164 , 2023 Oct doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.10.007
Vacuolar H(+)-ATPase and BZR1 form a feedback loop to regulate the homeostasis of BR signaling in Arabidopsis.
School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research. Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research. Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.; Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research. Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai 200240, China. Electronic address: whlin@sjtu.edu.cn.
Brassinosteroid (BR) is a vital plant hormone that regulates plant growth and development. BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 (BZR1) is a key transcription factor of BR signaling, and the nucleocytoplasmic localization of BZR1 is crucial for BR signaling. However, the regulatory mechanisms of BZR1 nucleocytoplasmic distribution and thus the homeostasis of BR signaling remain largely unclear. Vacuole is the largest organelle in mature plant cells and plays a key role in cell pH maintenance, intracellular substances storage, and ion transport. Here we uncovered a novel mechanism of BR signaling homeostasis regulated by vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) and BZR1 feedback loop. Our results revealed that mutant vha-a2 vha-a3 (vha2, lacking V-ATPase activity) exhibits enhanced BR signaling with increased total amount of BZR1, nuclear-localized BZR1, and the ratio of BZR1/phosphorylated BZR1 in nucleus. VHA-a2 and VHA-a3 of V-ATPase interacts with the BZR1 protein through its multispecies-conserved domain. VHA-a2 and VHA-a3 might negative regulate BR signaling through interacting with BZR1 and retaining BZR1 in tonoplast. Furthermore, a series of molecular analyses demonstrated that nuclear-localized BZR1 protein could bind directly with the specific motifs in the promoters of VHA-a2 and VHA-a3 to promote their expression. Taken together, these results suggest that V-ATPase and BZR1 might form a feedback loop to regulate the homeostasis of BR signaling in Arabidopsis, providing new insights into vacuole-mediated regulation of hormone signaling.
PMID: 37837193
New Phytol , IF:10.151 , 2023 Nov , V240 (3) : P1066-1081 doi: 10.1111/nph.19204
OsbHLH92, in the noncanonical brassinosteroid signaling pathway, positively regulates leaf angle and grain weight in rice.
Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.; College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Hebei, 050000, China.
Modifications of plant architecture can increase planting density, regulate photosynthesis, and improve crop yields. Many basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors participate in the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway and are critical for plant architecture morphogenesis in rice. However, the number of identified bHLH genes suitable for improving production value is still limited. In this study, we cloned Lam1, encoding the typical bHLH transcription factor OsbHLH92. OsbHLH92 knockout (KO) lines exhibit erect leaves. Decreases in the number and size of parenchyma cell layers on the adaxial side of the lamina joint in KO lines were the main reason for the decreased leaf angle. Genetic experiments verify that OsBU1 and its homologs are downstream of OsbHLH92, which is involved in the noncanonical RGA1-mediated BR signaling pathway. OsbHLH91, an OsbHLH92 homolog, plays both conserved and differentiated roles relative to OsbHLH92. Notably, OsbHLH92-KO lines show erect leaves without the acquisition of adverse agronomic traits. Moreover, by driving a specific panicle promoter, OsbHLH92 can greatly increase productivity by at least 10%. This study identifies new components of the BR signaling pathway, demonstrates the importance of OsbHLH92 in improving planting density and crop productivity, and broadens our knowledge of typical and atypical bHLH family members in rice.
PMID: 37574840
Plant Biotechnol J , IF:9.803 , 2023 Oct doi: 10.1111/pbi.14190
The GRAS protein OsDLA involves in brassinosteroid signalling and positively regulates blast resistance by forming a module with GSK2 and OsWRKY53 in rice.
MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Department of Plant Biosecurity, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.; MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, China.
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a crucial role in shaping the architecture of rice (Oryza sativa) plants. However, the regulatory mechanism of BR signalling in rice immunity remains largely unexplored. Here we identify a rice mutant dla, which exhibits decreased leaf angles and is insensitive to 24-epiBL (a highly active synthetic BR), resembling the BR-deficient phenotype. The dla mutation caused by a T-DNA insertion in the OsDLA gene leads to downregulation of the causative gene. The OsDLA knockout plants display reduced leaf angles and less sensitivity to 24-epiBL. In addition, both dla mutant and OsDLA knockout plants are more susceptible to rice blast compared to the wild type. OsDLA is a GRAS transcription factor and interacts with the BR signalling core negative regulator, GSK2. GSK2 phosphorylates OsDLA for degradation via the 26S proteasome. The GSK2 RNAi line exhibits enhanced rice blast resistance, while the overexpression lines thereof show susceptibility to rice blast. Furthermore, we show that OsDLA interacts with and stabilizes the WRKY transcription factor OsWRKY53, which has been demonstrated to positively regulate BR signalling and blast resistance. OsWRKY53 directly binds the promoter of PBZ1 and activates its expression, and this activation can be enhanced by OsDLA. Together, our findings unravel a novel mechanism whereby the GSK2-OsDLA-OsWRKY53 module coordinates blast resistance and plant architecture via BR signalling in rice.
PMID: 37794842
Plant Biotechnol J , IF:9.803 , 2023 Oct , V21 (10) : P2113-2124 doi: 10.1111/pbi.14117
PSW1, an LRR receptor kinase, regulates pod size in peanut.
College of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, China.
Pod size is a key agronomic trait that greatly determines peanut yield, the regulatory genes and molecular mechanisms that controlling peanut pod size are still unclear. Here, we used quantitative trait locus analysis to identify a peanut pod size regulator, POD SIZE/WEIGHT1 (PSW1), and characterized the associated gene and protein. PSW1 encoded leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) and positively regulated pod stemness. Mechanistically, this allele harbouring a 12-bp insertion in the promoter and a point mutation in the coding region of PSW1 causing a serine-to-isoleucine (S618I) substitution substantially increased mRNA abundance and the binding affinity of PSW1 for BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (BAK1). Notably, PSW1(HapII) (super-large pod allele of PSW1) expression led to up-regulation of a positive regulator of pod stemness PLETHORA 1 (PLT1), thereby resulting in larger pod size. Moreover, overexpression of PSW1(HapII) increased seed/fruit size in multiple plant species. Our work thus discovers a conserved function of PSW1 that controls pod size and provides a valuable genetic resource for breeding high-yield crops.
PMID: 37431286
Plant Biotechnol J , IF:9.803 , 2023 Oct , V21 (10) : P2125-2139 doi: 10.1111/pbi.14118
Wall-associated kinase BrWAK1 confers resistance to downy mildew in Brassica rapa.
Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing, China.; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.; Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China.; State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing, China.
The plant cell wall is the first line of defence against physical damage and pathogen attack. Wall-associated kinase (WAK) has the ability to perceive the changes in the cell wall matrix and transform signals into the cytoplasm, being involved in plant development and the defence response. Downy mildew, caused by Hyaloperonospora brassicae, can result in a massive loss in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) production. Herein, we identified a candidate resistant WAK gene, BrWAK1, in a major resistant quantitative trait locus, using a double haploid population derived from resistant inbred line T12-19 and the susceptible line 91-112. The expression of BrWAK1 could be induced by salicylic acid and pathogen inoculation. Expression of BrWAK1 in 91-112 could significantly enhance resistance to the pathogen, while truncating BrWAK1 in T12-19 increased disease susceptibility. Variation in the extracellular galacturonan binding (GUB) domain of BrWAK1 was found to mainly confer resistance to downy mildew in T12-19. Moreover, BrWAK1 was proved to interact with BrBAK1 (brassinosteroid insensitive 1 associated kinase), resulting in the activation of the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade to trigger the defence response. BrWAK1 is the first identified and thoroughly characterized WAK gene conferring disease resistance in Chinese cabbage, and the plant biomass is not significantly influenced by BrWAK1, which will greatly accelerate Chinese cabbage breeding for downy mildew resistance.
PMID: 37402218
Plant Cell Environ , IF:7.228 , 2023 Oct doi: 10.1111/pce.14745
Brassinosteroid enhances salt tolerance via S-nitrosoglutathione reductase and nitric oxide signaling pathway in mangrove Kandelia obovata.
Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Brassinosteroid (BR) has been shown to modulate plant tolerance to various stresses. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is involved in the plant response to environment stress by fine-turning the level of nitric oxide (NO). However, whether GSNOR is involved in BR-regulated Na(+) /K(+) homeostasis to improve the salt tolerance in halophyte is unknown. Here, we firstly reported that high salinity increases the expression of BR-biosynthesis genes and the endogenous levels of BR in mangrove Kandelia obovata. Then, salt-induced BR triggers the activities and gene expressions of GSNOR and antioxidant enzymes, thereafter decrease the levels of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide. Subsequently, BR-mediated GSNOR negatively regulates NO contributions to the reduction of reactive oxygen species generation and induction of the gene expression related to Na(+) and K(+) transport, leading to the decrease of Na(+) /K(+) ratio in the roots of K. obovata. Finally, the applications of exogenous BR, NO scavenger, BR biosynthetic inhibitor and GSNOR inhibitor further confirm the function of BR. Taken together, our result provides insight into the mechanism of BR in the response of mangrove K. obovata to high salinity via GSNOR and NO signaling pathway by reducing oxidative damage and modulating Na(+) /K(+) homeostasis.
PMID: 37869766
J Exp Bot , IF:6.992 , 2023 Oct doi: 10.1093/jxb/erad394
How do brassinosteroids fit in bud outgrowth models?
Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia.; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Future Crops Development, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia.; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
PMID: 37846132
J Exp Bot , IF:6.992 , 2023 Oct doi: 10.1093/jxb/erad397
Regulatory networks of the F-box protein FBX206 and OVATE family proteins modulate brassinosteroid pathway to regulate grain size and yield in rice.
Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China.; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
F-box proteins participate in the regulation of many processes, including cell division, development, and plant hormone responses. Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate plant growth and development by activating the core transcriptional and other multiple factors. OVATE family proteins (OFPs) of rice participate in BR signaling and regulate grain size. Here we identified FBX206 as an F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase that acts as a negative factor in BR signaling and regulates grain size and yield in rice. Suppressed expression of FBX206 by RNAi leads to promoted plant growth and increased grain yield. Molecular analyses showed that the expression levels of BR biosynthetic genes are upregulated whereas those of BR catabolic genes are downregulated in FBX206-RNAi plants, resulting in the accumulation of 28-homoBL, one of the bioactive BRs. FBX206 interacted with OsOFP8, a positive regulator in BR signaling, and OsOFP19, a negative regulator in BR signaling. SCFFBX206 mediated the degradation of OsOFP8 but suppressed OsOFP19 degradation. OsOFP8 interacted with OsOFP19, and the reciprocal regulation between OsOFP8 and OsOFP19 requires the presence of FBX206. FBX206 itself was ubiquitinated and degraded, but interactions of OsOFP8 and OsOFP19 synergistically suppressed the degradation of FBX206. Genetic interactions indicated the additive effect between FBX206 and OsOFP8 and the epistatic effects of OsOFP19 on FBX206 and OsOFP8. Our study reveals the regulatory networks of FBX206, OsOFP8, and OsOFP19 in BR signaling that regulate grain size and yield in rice.
PMID: 37818650
J Exp Bot , IF:6.992 , 2023 Oct , V74 (19) : P6104-6118 doi: 10.1093/jxb/erac508
Fine-tuned nitric oxide and hormone interface in plant root development and regeneration.
Departamento de Botanica y Fisiologia Vegetal, Instituto de Investigacion en Agrobiotecnologia (CIALE), Facultad de Biologia, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Rio Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain.; Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Plant root growth and developmental capacities reside in a few stem cells of the root apical meristem (RAM). Maintenance of these stem cells requires regenerative divisions of the initial stem cell niche (SCN) cells, self-maintenance, and proliferative divisions of the daughter cells. This ensures sufficient cell diversity to guarantee the development of complex root tissues in the plant. Damage in the root during growth involves the formation of a new post-embryonic root, a process known as regeneration. Post-embryonic root development and organogenesis processes include primary root development and SCN maintenance, plant regeneration, and the development of adventitious and lateral roots. These developmental processes require a fine-tuned balance between cell proliferation and maintenance. An important regulator during root development and regeneration is the gasotransmitter nitric oxide (NO). In this review we have sought to compile how NO regulates cell rate proliferation, cell differentiation, and quiescence of SCNs, usually through interaction with phytohormones, or other molecular mechanisms involved in cellular redox homeostasis. NO exerts a role on molecular components of the auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways in primary roots that affects cell proliferation and maintenance of the RAM. During root regeneration, a peak of auxin and cytokinin triggers specific molecular programs. Moreover, NO participates in adventitious root formation through its interaction with players of the brassinosteroid and cytokinin signaling cascade. Lately, NO has been implicated in root regeneration under hypoxia conditions by regulating stem cell specification through phytoglobins.
PMID: 36548145
Sci China Life Sci , IF:6.038 , 2023 Oct , V66 (10) : P2448-2450 doi: 10.1007/s11427-023-2401-3
Redesigning green revolution trait with increased grain yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency by reducing brassinosteroid signaling in semidwarf wheat.
Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa, 50011, USA.; Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa, 50011, USA. yin@iastate.edu.
PMID: 37395894
Int J Mol Sci , IF:5.923 , 2023 Oct , V24 (20) doi: 10.3390/ijms242015409
Physiological Analysis and Genetic Mapping of Short Hypocotyl Trait in Brassica napus L.
State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Hypocotyl length is a botanical trait that affects the cold tolerance of Brassica napus L. (B. napus). In this study, we constructed an F(2) segregating population using the cold-resistant short hypocotyl variety '16VHNTS158' and the cold-sensitive long hypocotyl variety 'Tianyou 2288' as the parents, and BSA-seq was employed to identify candidate genes for hypocotyl length in B. napus. The results of parental differences showed that the average hypocotyl lengths of '16VHNTS158' and 'Tianyou 2288' were 0.41 cm and 0.77 cm at the 5~6 leaf stage, respectively, after different low-temperature treatments, and '16VHNTS158' exhibited lower relative ion leakage rates compared to 'Tianyou 2288'. The contents of indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), and brassinosteroid (BR) in hypocotyls of '16VHNTS158' and 'Tianyou 2288' increased with decreasing temperatures, but the IAA and GA contents were significantly higher than those of 'Tianyou 2288', and the BR content was lower than that of 'Tianyou 2288'. The genetic analysis results indicate that the genetic model for hypocotyl length follows the 2MG-A model. By using SSR molecular markers, a QTL locus associated with hypocotyl length was identified on chromosome C04. The additive effect value of this locus was 0.025, and it accounted for 2.5% of the phenotypic variation. BSA-Seq further localized the major effect QTL locus on chromosome C04, associating it with 41 genomic regions. The total length of this region was 1.06 Mb. Within this region, a total of 20 non-synonymous mutation genes were identified between the parents, and 26 non-synonymous mutation genes were found within the pooled samples. In the reference genome of B. napus, this region was annotated with 24 candidate genes. These annotated genes are predominantly enriched in four pathways: DNA replication, nucleotide excision repair, plant hormone signal transduction, and mismatch repair. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for cloning genes related to hypocotyl length in winter rapeseed and their utilization in breeding.
PMID: 37895090
Int J Mol Sci , IF:5.923 , 2023 Oct , V24 (20) doi: 10.3390/ijms242015034
Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis of Petal Anthocyanin Accumulation Mechanism in Gloriosa superba 'Rothschildiana' during Different Flower Development Stages.
Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China.; Guangdong Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
Flower color is a key ornamental trait in plants. The petals of Gloriosa superba 'Rothschildiana' petals undergo a color transformation from yellow to red during their development, but the molecular mechanism of this process remains unexplored. This study examines the anthocyanin profiles and gene expression patterns of 'Rothschildiana' petals across four developmental stages: bud (S1), initial opening (S2), half opening (S3), and full opening stage (S4). A total of 59 anthocyanins were identified with significant increases in cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, and pelargonidin-3,5-O-diglucoside levels observed during petal maturation. Transcriptome analysis revealed 46 differentially expressed genes implicated in flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis. Additionally, three gene modules were found to be associated with anthocyanin accumulation throughout flower development. Expression levels of genes associated with auxin, abscisic acid, brassinosteroid signaling, and transcription factors such as NACs and WRKYs underwent significant changes and exhibited strong correlations with several flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in these modules. These findings offer novel insights into the molecular underpinnings of flower color variation and lay the groundwork for the improvement of G. superba.
PMID: 37894715
Plant Cell Physiol , IF:4.927 , 2023 Oct doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcad126
BBX21 integrates brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signalling in the inhibition of hypocotyl growth under shade.
IFEVA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, C1417DSE, Argentina.; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.; Fundacion Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, C1405BWE, Argentina.; Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.; Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, C/Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain.
B-Box-containing zinc finger transcription factors (BBX) are involved in light-mediated growth, affecting processes such as hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the molecular and hormonal framework that regulates plant growth through BBX proteins is incomplete. Here, we demonstrate that BBX21 inhibits the hypocotyl elongation through the brassinosteroid (BR) pathway. BBX21 reduces the sensitivity to 24-epiBL, a synthetic active BR, principally at very-low concentrations in simulated shade. The biosynthesis profile of BRs showed that two active BR -brassinolide (BL) and 28-homobrassinolide (28-homoBL)- and 8 of 11 intermediates can be repressed by BBX21 under white light (WL) or simulated shade. Furthermore, BBX21 represses the expression of CYTOCHROME P450 90B1 (DWF4/CYP90B1), BRASSINOSTEROID-6-OXIDASE 1 (BR6OX1, CYP85A1) and BR6OX2 (CYP85A2) genes involved in the BR biosynthesis in WL while specifically promoting DWF4 and PHYB ACTIVATION TAGGED SUPPRESSOR 1 (CYP2B1/BAS1) expression in WL supplemented with far-red (WL+FR), a treatment that simulates shade. In addition, BBX21 represses BR signalling genes such as PACLOBUTRAZOL RESISTANCE1 (PRE1), PRE3 and ARABIDOPSIS MYB-LIKE 2 (MYBL2), and auxin-related and expansin genes, such as INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLE 1 (IAA1), IAA4 and EXPANSIN 11 (EXP11) in short-term shade. By a genetic approach we found that BBX21 acts genetically upstream of BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) for the promotion of DWF4 and BAS1 gene expression in shade. We propose that BBX21 integrates the BR homeostasis and shade-light signalling allowing the fine-tuning of hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis.
PMID: 37847120
Plant Sci , IF:4.729 , 2023 Oct , V335 : P111788 doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111788
Brassinosteroid catabolic enzyme CYP734A129 regulates the morphologies of leaves and floral organs in woodland strawberry.
National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.; National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China.; National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.; National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China. Electronic address: ckang@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play critical roles in plant growth and development and regulate many important agronomic traits. However, the functions of BRs in strawberry are unclear. This study identified two mutants, named P6 and R87, in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) from EMS mutagenesis populations that exhibit narrow leaves, petals and sepals. Mapping by sequencing and genetic studies revealed that the F. vesca CYP734A129, encoding a putative BR catabolic enzyme, is the causative gene for both P6 and R87. Overexpression of CYP734A129 in both F. vesca and Arabidopsis causes a severe dwarf phenotype, and the BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) protein is less abundant in the CYP734A129-overexpressing Arabidopsis seedlings. This suggests that CYP734A129 is functionally conserved with CYP734A1, as a BR-inactivating enzyme. Transcriptome analysis of young leaves revealed that four BR biosynthetic genes were significantly downregulated in P6 (cyp734a129), and photosynthesis-related genes were highly enriched among the up-regulated genes in P6 compared to the wild type. This further supports that CYP734A129 inactivates BRs in F. vesca. Furthermore, we showed that mutations in CYP734A129 do not affect fruit shape and color during ripening in strawberry. Overall, our results suggest that F. vesca CYP734A129 is a BR catabolic enzyme, and provide insights into the roles of CYP734A129 in strawberry.
PMID: 37421982
Biochem Biophys Res Commun , IF:3.575 , 2023 Oct , V678 : P17-23 doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.031
BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 2 regulates salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis by promoting AGL16 activity.
College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, Henan, China; Center of Healthy Food Engineering and Technology of Henan, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, Henan, China.; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China. Electronic address: feixiao@xju.edu.cn.; College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, Henan, China; Center of Healthy Food Engineering and Technology of Henan, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, Henan, China. Electronic address: ltt198906@163.com.
Salt stress is a negative environmental factors to affecting plants. Salinity inhibits seed germination and root growth, which reduces the biomass of agricultural plants. BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2) functions as a signalling hub to integrate the perception and transduction of plant growth and stress tolerance by the phosphorylation of target proteins. However, only a small number of target molecules have been discovered thus far. In this study, we present evidence that BIN2 controls the post-transcriptional activity of AGL16. BIN2 interacts and phosphorylates AGL16, which increases AGL16 stability and transcriptional activity. Genetic testing showed that the agl16 mutant can restore the reduction in the seed germination rate and primary root growth of the bin2-1 mutant, while the overexpression of AGL16 in the bin2-3bil1bil2 mutant reduced the salt tolerance compared with bin2-3bil1bil2 in response to salt stress. Taken together, our data identify a BIN2-AGL16 core protein module that is mediates the inhibition of seed germination and primary root growth under salt stress.
PMID: 37611348
J Plant Physiol , IF:3.549 , 2023 Oct , V289 : P154096 doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154096
Brassinosteroid modulates ethylene synthesis and antioxidant metabolism to protect rice (Oryza sativa) against heat stress-induced inhibition of source‒sink capacity and photosynthetic and growth attributes.
Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India.; Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India.; Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.; Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment, Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), University of Basilicata, Via Lanera 20, 75100, Matera, MT, Italy.; Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India. Electronic address: iqbal.khan@jamiahamdard.ac.in.
This study presents an exploration of the efficacy of brassinosteroids (BRs) and ethylene in mediating heat stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa). Heat is one of the major abiotic factors that prominently deteriorates rice production by influencing photosynthetic efficiency, source‒sink capacity, and growth traits. The application of BR (0.5 mM) and ethylene (200 mul l(-1)) either individually and/or in combination was found to alleviate heat stress-induced toxicity by significantly improving photosynthesis, source‒sink capacity and defense systems; additionally, it reduced the levels of oxidative stress markers and ethylene formation. The study revealed the positive influence of BR in promoting plant growth responses under heat stress through its interplay with ethylene biosynthesis and enhanced plant defense systems. Interestingly, treatment with the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) substantiated that BR application to heat-stressed rice plants enhanced ethylene-dependent pathways to counteract the underlying adversities. Thus, BR action was found to be mediated by ethylene to promote heat tolerance in rice. The present study sheds light on the potential tolerance mechanisms which can ensure rice sustainability under heat stress conditions.
PMID: 37776751
Plant Signal Behav , IF:2.247 , 2023 Dec , V18 (1) : P2229957 doi: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2229957
The RGI1-BAK1 module acts as the main receptor-coreceptor pair for regulating primary root gravitropism and meristem activity in response to RGF1 peptide in Arabidopsis.
Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.; Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.; Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
ROOT MERISTEM GROWTH FACTOR1 (RGF1) and its receptors RGF1 INSENSITIVEs (RGIs), a group of leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases, promote primary root meristem activity via a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) signaling cascade and control root gravitropism in Arabidopsis. Genetic analyses and in vitro binding assays have indicated that among five RGIs identified in Arabidopsis, RGI1, RGI2, and RGI3 recognize RGF1 peptides. However, it remains unclear whether the RGF1 peptide is redundantly recognized by these RGIs or mainly by a single RGI in the regulation of primary root meristem activity. In the present study, we analyzed root meristem growth of the rgi1, rgi2, and rgi3 single mutants in response to RGF1 treatment and observed a significantly decreased sensitivity in meristem growth of rgi1 and complete insensitivity in rgi1 rgi2 rgi3 triple mutant compared with the wild type but not in the rgi1 and rgi2 single mutants. We also observed that both root gravitropism and meristem growth in the BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (bak1) single mutant were insensitive to RGF1 peptide treatment, whereas other serk mutants, such as serk1, serk2, and serk4, were fully sensitive to RGF1 peptide like the wild type. These mutant analyses suggest that RGI1-BAK1 pair acts as the main receptor-coreceptor pair for regulating primary root gravitropism and meristem activity in response to RGF1 peptide in Arabidopsis.
PMID: 37382066
Plant Signal Behav , IF:2.247 , 2023 Dec , V18 (1) : P2186640 doi: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2186640
Exogenous Brassinosteroid Enhances Zinc tolerance by activating the Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis pathway in Citrullus lanatus L.
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China.; Jiangsu Safety & Environment Technology and Equipment for Planting and Breeding Industry Engineering Research Center, Yangzhou, China.
Zinc (Zn) is an important element in plants, but over-accumulation of Zn is harmful. The phytohormone brassinosteroids (BRs) play a key role in regulating plant growth, development, and response to stress. However, the role of BRs in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) under Zn stress, one of the most important horticultural crops, remains largely unknown. In this study, we revealed that 24-epibrassinolide (EBR), a bioactive BR enhanced Zn tolerance in watermelon plants, which was related to the EBR-induced increase in the fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and decrease in the content of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Zn in watermelon leaves. Through RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq), 350 different expressed genes (DEG) were found to be involved in the response to Zn stress after EBR treatment, including 175 up-regulated DEGs and 175 down-regulated DEGs. The up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in 'phenylpropanoid biosynthesis' pathway (map00940) using KEGG enrichment analysis. The gene expression levels of PAL, 4CL, CCR, and CCoAOMT, key genes involved in phenylpropanoid pathway, were significantly induced after EBR treatment. In addition, compared with Zn stress alone, EBR treatment significantly promoted the activities of PAL, 4CL, and POD by 30.90%, 20.69%, and 47.28%, respectively, and increased the content of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and lignin by 23.02%, 40.37%, and 29.26%, respectively. The present research indicates that EBR plays an active role in strengthening Zn tolerance, thus providing new insights into the mechanism of BRs enhancing heavy metal tolerance.
PMID: 37083111
Plant Signal Behav , IF:2.247 , 2023 Dec , V18 (1) : P2163337 doi: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2163337
Arabidopsis clathrin adaptor EPSIN1 but not MODIFIED TRANSPORT TO THE VACOULE1 contributes to effective plant immunity against pathogenic Pseudomonas bacteria.
University of Missouri-Columbia, Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group (IPG), Columbia, MO, USA.; Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
In eukaryotes, EPSINs are Epsin N-terminal Homology (ENTH) domain-containing proteins that serve as monomeric clathrin adaptors at the plasma membrane (PM) or the trans-Golgi Network (TGN)/early endosomes (EE). The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana encodes for seven ENTH proteins, of which so far, only AtEPSIN1 (AtEPS1) and MODIFIED TRANSPORT TO THE VACUOLE1 (AtMTV1) localize to the TGN/EE and contribute to cargo trafficking to both the cell surface and the vacuole. However, relatively little is known about role(s) of any plant EPSIN in governing physiological responses. We have recently shown that AtEPS1 is a positive modulator of plant immune signaling and pattern-triggered immunity against flagellated Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 bacteria. In eps1 mutants, impaired immune responses correlate with reduced accumulation of the receptor FLAGELLIN SENSING2 (AtFLS2) and the convergent immune co-receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENTIVE1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE1 (AtBAK1) in the PM. Here, we report that in contrast to AtEPS1, the TGN/EE-localized AtMTV1 did not contribute significantly to immunity against pathogenic Pto DC3000 bacteria. We also compared the amino acid sequences, peptide motif structures and in silico tertiary structures of the ENTH domains of AtEPS1 and AtMTV1 in more detail. We conclude that despite sharing the classical tertiary alpha helical ENTH-domain structure and clathrin-binding motifs, the overall low amino acid identity and differences in peptide motifs may explain their role(s) in trafficking of some of the same as well as distinct cargo components to their site of function, with the latter potentially contributing to differences in physiological responses.
PMID: 36603596
Huan Jing Ke Xue , 2023 Oct , V44 (10) : P5757-5768 doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202210352
[Effects of Exogenous Plant Hormone Spraying on the Phytoremediation by Bidens pilosa L. in Cadmium-contaminated Soil].
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.; Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
To explore the effect of exogenous plant hormone spraying on the absorption of heavy metals by hyperaccumulated plants, Bidens pilosa L. was selected as the tested plant owing to the large biomass, short growth cycle, and high accumulation efficiency. Here, the effect of foliar spraying 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), salicylic acid (SA), and 24-epi-brassinosteroid (24-EBR) on the remediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil by B. pilosa L. was examined. The results showed:1 in circle the efficiency of the remediation in Cd-contaminated soil by B. pilosa L. was effectively enhanced after the spraying of all three kinds of exogenous plant hormones with appropriate concentrations. The spraying of the three exogenous plant hormones could promote the cadmium concentration in the leaves of B. pilosa L. to increase by 4.21%, 31.79%, and 14.89%; promote the translocation factor (TF) to increase by 9.67%, 18.83%, and 17.85%; promote the phytoextraction rates (PR) to increase by 15.36%, 32.33%, and 64.38%, respectively. 2 in circle The growth of B. pilosa L. was significantly promoted after the spraying of the three kinds of exogenous plant hormones with appropriate concentrations. The spraying of the three exogenous plant hormones could promote plant growth under cadmium stress, and the dry weight of the plant root, stem, and leaf was increased by 37.53%, 74.50%, and 104.02%, respectively. 3 in circle The photosynthesis of B. pilosa L. was significantly enhanced after the spraying of the three kinds of exogenous plant hormones with appropriate concentrations. The chlorophyll concentration of the plant was significantly increased after foliar spraying with plant hormones, and the concentration of chlorophyll a was increased by 79.31%, 92.27%, and 51.12%; the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) was increased by 11.32%, 89.16%, and 78.43%; and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) was increased by 51.71%, 241.12%, and 27.85%, respectively, after foliar spraying with appropriate concentrations of 6-BA, SA, and 24-EBR. 4 in circle The antioxidant capacity of B. pilosa L. was significantly strengthened after the spraying of the three kinds of exogenous plant hormones with appropriate concentrations. The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of the plant was reduced by 62.41%, 68.67%, and 46.76% after the application of 6-BA, SA, and 24-EBR, respectively. Meanwhile, superoxide dismutase (SOD) was increased by 68.33%, 10.28%, and 6.17%, and catalase (CAT) was increased by 31.43%, 37.87%, and 37.31%, respectively. Generally, the spraying of exogenous 6-BA, SA, and 24-EBR with the appropriate concentration under Cd stress could significantly increase the biomass of B. pilosa L. and promote the accumulation of heavy metals in the plant, improve the photosynthetic ability of the plant, reduce the oxidative damage of the plant under heavy metal stress, enhance the antioxidant capacity, and improve the absorption and tolerance of plants to Cd. It also could promote the transfer of Cd from roots to shoots, improve the phytoextraction rates of Cd from the plant, and effectively strengthen the phytoremediation efficiency. Among them, 30 mg.L(-1) SA foliar spraying had the best effect.
PMID: 37827791