Trends Plant Sci , IF:18.313 , 2023 Jul , V28 (7) : P808-824 doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.001
The role of ethylene in plant temperature stress response.
National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China. Electronic address: huangjianyan@caas.cn.; Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.; Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.; Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.; National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China. Electronic address: wangxinchao@caas.cn.
Temperature influences the seasonal growth and geographical distribution of plants. Heat or cold stress occur when temperatures exceed or fall below the physiological optimum ranges, resulting in detrimental and irreversible damage to plant growth, development, and yield. Ethylene is a gaseous phytohormone with an important role in plant development and multiple stress responses. Recent studies have shown that, in many plant species, both heat and cold stress affect ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the role of ethylene in plant temperature stress responses and its crosstalk with other phytohormones. We also discuss potential strategies and knowledge gaps that need to be adopted and filled to develop temperature stress-tolerant crops by optimizing ethylene response.
PMID: 37055243
Bioengineering (Basel) , IF:10.711 , 2023 Jul , V10 (7) doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10070878
An Aquaporin Gene (KoPIP2;1) Isolated from Mangrove Plant Kandelia obovata Had Enhanced Cold Tolerance of Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.
State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China.; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
Aquaporins (AQPs) are essential channel proteins that play central roles in maintaining water homeostasis. Here, a novel aquaporin gene, named KoPIP2;1, was cloned from the mangrove plant Kandelia obovata by RACE technology. The KoPIP2;1 gene was 1404 bp in length with an open reading frame (ORF) of 852 bp, encoded with 283 amino acids. Database comparisons revealed that KoPIP2;1 protein shared the highest identity (91.26%) with the aquaporin HbPIP2;2, which was isolated from Hevea brasiliensis. Gene expression analysis revealed that the KoPIP2;1 gene was induced higher in leaves than in stems and roots of K. obovata under cold stress. Transient expression of KoPIP2;1 in Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells revealed that the KoPIP2;1 protein was localized to the plasma membrane. Overexpressing KoPIP2;1 in Arabidopsis significantly enhanced the lateral root number of the transgenic lines. KoPIP2;1 transgenic Arabidopsis demonstrated better growth, elevated proline content, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared with the wild-type Arabidopsis when exposed to cold stress. The findings suggest that overexpression of KoPIP2;1 probably conferred cold tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis by enhancing osmoregulation and antioxidant capacity. This present data presents a valuable gene resource that contributes to the advancement of our understanding of aquaporins and their potential application in enhancing plant stress tolerance.
PMID: 37508905
New Phytol , IF:10.151 , 2023 Sep , V239 (5) : P1887-1902 doi: 10.1111/nph.19072
SlMPK1- and SlMPK2-mediated SlBBX17 phosphorylation positively regulates CBF-dependent cold tolerance in tomato.
Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.; Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China.; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
B-box (BBX) proteins are an important class of zinc finger transcription factors that play a critical role in plant growth and stress response. However, the mechanisms of how BBX proteins participate in the cold response in tomato remain unclear. Here, using approaches of reverse genetics, biochemical and molecular biology we characterized a BBX transcription factor, SlBBX17, which positively regulates cold tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Overexpressing SlBBX17 enhanced C-repeat binding factor (CBF)-dependent cold tolerance in tomato plants, whereas silencing SlBBX17 increased plant susceptibility to cold stress. Crucially, the positive role of SlBBX17 in CBF-dependent cold tolerance was dependent on ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5). SlBBX17 physically interacted with SlHY5 to directly promote the protein stability of SlHY5 and subsequently increased the transcriptional activity of SlHY5 on SlCBF genes under cold stress. Further experiments showed that cold-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases, SlMPK1 and SlMPK2, also physically interact with and phosphorylate SlBBX17 to enhance the interaction between SlBBX17 and SlHY5, leading to enhanced CBF-dependent cold tolerance. Collectively, the study unveiled a mechanistic framework by which SlMPK1/2-SlBBX17-SlHY5 regulated transcription of SlCBFs to enhance cold tolerance, thereby shedding light on the molecular mechanisms of how plants respond to cold stress via multiple transcription factors.
PMID: 37322592
Plant Biotechnol J , IF:9.803 , 2023 Jul doi: 10.1111/pbi.14128
Histone deacetylase MdHDA6 is an antagonist in regulation of transcription factor MdTCP15 to promote cold tolerance in apple.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.; College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
Understanding the molecular regulation of plant cold response is the basis for cold resistance germplasm improvement. Here, we revealed that the apple histone deacetylase MdHDA6 can perform histone deacetylation on cold-negative regulator genes and repress their expression, leading to the positive regulation of cold tolerance in apples. Moreover, MdHDA6 directly interacts with the transcription factor MdTCP15. Phenotypic analysis of MdTCP15 transgenic apple lines and wild types reveals that MdTCP15 negatively regulates cold tolerance in apples. Furthermore, we found that MdHDA6 can facilitate histone deacetylation of MdTCP15 and repress the expression of MdTCP15, which positively contributes to cold tolerance in apples. Additionally, the transcription factor MdTCP15 can directly bind to the promoter of the cold-negative regulator gene MdABI1 and activate its expression, and it can also directly bind to the promoter of the cold-positive regulator gene MdCOR47 and repress its expression. However, the co-expression of MdHDA6 and MdTCP15 can inhibit MdTCP15-induced activation of MdABI1 and repression of MdCOR47, suggesting that MdHDA6 suppresses the transcriptional regulation of MdTCP15 on its downstream genes. Our results demonstrate that histone deacetylase MdHDA6 plays an antagonistic role in the regulation of MdTCP15-induced transcriptional activation or repression to positively regulate cold tolerance in apples, revealing a new regulatory mechanism of plant cold response.
PMID: 37475182
Plant Biotechnol J , IF:9.803 , 2023 Jun doi: 10.1111/pbi.14112
MdNAC104 positively regulates apple cold tolerance via CBF-dependent and CBF-independent pathways.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.; The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China.
Low temperature is the main environmental factor affecting the yield, quality and geographical distribution of crops, which significantly restricts development of the fruit industry. The NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) transcription factor (TF) family is involved in regulating plant cold tolerance, but the mechanisms underlying these regulatory processes remain unclear. Here, the NAC TF MdNAC104 played a positive role in modulating apple cold tolerance. Under cold stress, MdNAC104-overexpressing transgenic plants exhibited less ion leakage and lower ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation, but higher contents of osmoregulatory substances and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Transcriptional regulation analysis showed that MdNAC104 directly bound to the MdCBF1 and MdCBF3 promoters to promote expression. In addition, based on combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, as well as promoter binding and transcriptional regulation analyses, we found that MdNAC104 stimulated the accumulation of anthocyanin under cold conditions by upregulating the expression of anthocyanin synthesis-related genes, including MdCHS-b, MdCHI-a, MdF3H-a and MdANS-b, and increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes by promoting the expression of the antioxidant enzyme-encoding genes MdFSD2 and MdPRXR1.1. In conclusion, this study revealed the MdNAC104 regulatory mechanism of cold tolerance in apple via CBF-dependent and CBF-independent pathways.
PMID: 37387580
Crit Rev Biotechnol , IF:8.429 , 2023 Dec , V43 (5) : P680-697 doi: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2053056
Cold stress regulates accumulation of flavonoids and terpenoids in plants by phytohormone, transcription process, functional enzyme, and epigenetics.
Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute of Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China.; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.; Tianjin Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Tianjin, China.; National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Plants make different defense mechanisms in response to different environmental stresses. One common way is to produce secondary metabolites. Temperature is the main environmental factor that regulates plant secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids and terpenoids. Stress caused by temperature decreasing to 4-10 degrees C is conducive to the accumulation of flavonoids and terpenoids. However, the accumulation mechanism under cold stress still lacks a systematic explanation. In this review, we summarize three aspects of cold stress promoting the accumulation of flavonoids and terpenoids in plants, that is, by affecting (1) the content of endogenous plant hormones, especially jasmonic acid and abscisic acid; (2) the expression level and activity of important transcription factors, such as bHLH and MYB families. This aspect also includes post-translational modification of transcription factors caused by cold stress; (3) key enzyme genes expression and activity in the biosynthesis pathway, in addition, the rate-limiting enzyme and glycosyltransferases genes are responsive to cold stress. The systematic understanding of cold stress regulates flavonoids, and terpenoids will contribute to the future research of genetic engineering breeding, metabolism regulation, glycosyltransferases mining, and plant synthetic biology.
PMID: 35848841
Plant Physiol , IF:8.34 , 2023 Aug doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiad452
CALMODULIN6 negatively regulates cold tolerance by attenuating ICE1-dependent stress responses in tomato.
Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.; Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, P.R. China.
Chilling temperatures induce an increase in cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) ions to transmit cold signals, but the precise role of Calmodulins (CaMs), a type of Ca2+ sensor, in plant tolerance to cold stress remains elusive. In this study, we characterized a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) CaM gene, CALMODULIN6 (CaM6), which responds to cold stimulus. Overexpressing CaM6 increased tomato sensitivity to cold stress whereas silencing CaM6 resulted in a cold-insensitive phenotype. We showed that CaM6 interacts with Inducer of CBF expression 1 (ICE1) in a Ca2+-independent process and ICE1 contributes to cold tolerance in tomato plants. By integrating RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) assays, we revealed that ICE1 directly altered the expression of 76 downstream cold-responsive (COR) genes that potentially confer cold tolerance to tomato plants. Moreover, the physical interaction of CaM6 with ICE1 attenuated ICE1 transcriptional activity during cold stress. These findings reveal that CaM6 attenuates the cold tolerance of tomato plants by suppressing ICE1-dependent COR gene expression. We propose a CaM6/ICE1 module in which ICE1 is epistatic to CaM6 under cold stress. Our study sheds light on the mechanism of plant response to cold stress and reveals CaM6 is involved in the regulation of ICE1.
PMID: 37565524
Plant Physiol , IF:8.34 , 2023 Jul doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiad420
Natural variation in OsSEC13 HOMOLOG 1 modulates redox homeostasis to confer cold tolerance in rice.
Rice Research Institute/Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetic Improvement and High Quality and Efficiency Production of Northeast Japonica Rice in China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China, 110866.; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China, 510642.; Strube Research GmbH & Co. KG, Sollingen, Germany, 38387.; Liaodong University, Dandong, China, 118001.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a cold-sensitive species that often faces cold stress, which adversely affects yield productivity and quality. However, the genetic basis for low-temperature adaptation in rice remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that two functional polymorphisms in Oryza sativa SEC13 Homolog 1 (OsSEH1), encoding a WD40-repeat nucleoporin, between the two subspecies Oryza sativa japonica and Oryza sativa indica rice may have facilitated cold adaptation in japonica rice. We show that OsSEH1 of the japonica variety expressed in OsSEH1MSD plants (transgenic line overexpressing the OsSEH1 allele from Mangshuidao [MSD], cold-tolerant landrace) has a higher affinity for metallothionein 2b (OsMT2b) than that of OsSEH1 of indica. This high affinity of OsSEH1MSD for OsMT2b results in inhibition of OsMT2b degradation, with decreased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and increased cold tolerance. Transcriptome analysis indicates that OsSEH1 positively regulates the expression of the genes encoding dehydration-responsive element-binding transcription factors, i.e., OsDREB1 genes, and induces the expression of multiple cold-regulated genes to enhance cold tolerance. Our findings highlight a breeding resource for improving cold tolerance in rice.
PMID: 37471276
Plant Physiol , IF:8.34 , 2023 Jul doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiad371
Brassinosteroid signaling regulator BIM1 integrates brassinolide and jasmonic acid signaling during cold tolerance in apple.
CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.; College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
Although brassinolide (BR) and jasmonic acid (JA) play essential roles in the regulation of cold stress responses, the molecular basis of their crosstalk remains elusive. Here, we show a key component of BR signaling in apple (Malus x domestica), BR INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1)-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1)-INTERACTING MYC-LIKE PROTEIN1 (MdBIM1), increases cold tolerance by directly activating expression of C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR1 (MdCBF1) and forming a complex with C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR2 (MdCBF2) to enhance MdCBF2-activated transcription of cold-responsive genes. Two repressors of JA signaling, JAZMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN1 (MdJAZ1) and JAZMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN2 (MdJAZ2), interact with MdBIM1 to integrate BR and JA signaling under cold stress. MdJAZ1 and MdJAZ2 reduce MdBIM1-promoted cold stress tolerance by attenuating transcriptional activation of MdCBF1 expression by MdBIM1 and interfering with the formation of the MdBIM1-MdCBF2 complex. Furthermore, the E3 ubiquitin ligase ARABIDOPSIS TOXICOS en LEVADURA73 (MdATL73) decreases MdBIM1-promoted cold tolerance by targeting MdBIM1 for ubiquitination and degradation. Our results not only reveal crosstalk between BR and JA signaling mediated by a JAZ-BIM1-CBF module, but also provide insights into the post-translational regulatory mechanism of BR signaling.
PMID: 37392474
Plant Physiol , IF:8.34 , 2023 Aug , V192 (4) : P3152-3169 doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiad285
Lysine malonylation of DgnsLIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN1 at the K81 site improves cold resistance in chrysanthemum.
Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China.
Lysine malonylation (Kmal) is a recently discovered posttranslational modification, and its role in the response to abiotic stress has not been reported in plants. In this study, we isolated a nonspecific lipid transfer protein, DgnsLTP1, from chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum var. Jinba). Overexpression and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing of DgnsLTP1 demonstrated that the protein endows chrysanthemum with cold tolerance. Yeast 2-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, luciferase complementation imaging, and coimmunoprecipitation experimental results showed that DgnsLTP1 interacts with a plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) DgPIP. Overexpressing DgPIP boosted the expression of DgGPX (glutathione peroxidase), increased the activity of GPX, and decreased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby enhancing the low-temperature stress tolerance of chrysanthemum, while the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mutant dgpip inhibited this process. Transgenic analyses in chrysanthemum showed that DgnsLTP1 improves the cold resistance of chrysanthemum in a DgPIP-dependent manner. Moreover, Kmal of DgnsLTP1 at the K81 site prevented the degradation of DgPIP in Nicotiana benthamiana and chrysanthemum, further promoted DgGPX expression, enhanced GPX activity, and scavenged excess ROS produced by cold stress, thereby further enhancing the cold resistance of chrysanthemum.
PMID: 37202366
Plant Physiol , IF:8.34 , 2023 Jul , V192 (3) : P2143-2160 doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiad187
The RNA-binding protein MdHYL1 modulates cold tolerance and disease resistance in apple.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Apple (Malus domestica) trees often experience various abiotic and biotic stresses. However, due to the long juvenile period of apple and its high degree of genetic heterozygosity, only limited progress has been made in developing cold-hardy and disease-resistant cultivars through traditional approaches. Numerous studies reveal that biotechnology is a feasible approach to improve stress tolerance in woody perennial plants. HYPONASTIC LEAVES1 (HYL1), a double-stranded RNA-binding protein, is a key regulator involved in apple drought stress response. However, whether HYL1 participates in apple cold response and pathogen resistance remains unknown. In this study, we revealed that MdHYL1 plays a positive role in cold tolerance and pathogen resistance in apple. MdHYL1 acted upstream to positively regulate freezing tolerance and Alternaria alternata resistance by positively modulating transcripts of MdMYB88 and MdMYB124 in response to cold stress or A. alternata infection. In addition, MdHYL1 regulated the biogenesis of several miRNAs responsive to cold and A. alternata infection in apple. Furthermore, we identified Mdm-miRNA156 (Mdm-miR156) as a negative regulator of cold tolerance and Mdm-miRNA172 (Mdm-miR172) as a positive regulator of cold tolerance, and that Mdm-miRNA160 (Mdm-miR160) decreased plant resistance to infection by A. alternata. In summary, we highlight the molecular role of MdHYL1 regarding cold tolerance and A. alternata infection resistance, thereby providing candidate genes for breeding apple with freezing tolerance and A. alternata resistance using biotechnology.
PMID: 36970784
Plant Physiol , IF:8.34 , 2023 Jul , V192 (3) : P2203-2220 doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiad147
Transcription factors MhDREB2A/MhZAT10 play a role in drought and cold stress response crosstalk in apple.
Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China.
Drought and cold stresses seriously affect tree growth and fruit yield during apple (Malus domestica) production, with combined stress causing injury such as shoot shriveling. However, the molecular mechanism underlying crosstalk between responses to drought and cold stress remains to be clarified. In this study, we characterized the zinc finger transcription factor ZINC FINGER OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 10 (ZAT10) through comparative analysis of shoot-shriveling tolerance between tolerant and sensitive apple rootstocks. MhZAT10 responded to both drought and cold stresses. Heterologous expression of MhZAT10 in the sensitive rootstock 'G935' from domesticated apple (Malus domestica) promoted shoot-shriveling tolerance, while silencing of MhZAT10 expression in the tolerant rootstock 'SH6' of Malus honanensis reduced stress tolerance. We determined that the apple transcription factor DEHYDRATION RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN 2A (DREB2A) is a direct regulator activating the expression of MhZAT10 in response to drought stress. Apple plants overexpressing both MhDREB2A and MhZAT10 genes exhibited enhanced tolerance to drought and cold stress, while plants overexpressing MhDREB2A but with silenced expression of MhZAT10 showed reduced tolerance, suggesting a critical role of MhDREB2A-MhZAT10 in the crosstalk between drought and cold stress responses. We further identified drought-tolerant MhWRKY31 and cold-tolerant MhMYB88 and MhMYB124 as downstream regulatory target genes of MhZAT10. Our findings reveal a MhDREB2A-MhZAT10 module involved in crosstalk between drought and cold stress responses, which may have applications in apple rootstock breeding programs aimed at developing shoot-shriveling tolerance.
PMID: 36880407
Plant Physiol , IF:8.34 , 2023 Jul , V192 (3) : P1733-1746 doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiad092
Advances in understanding cold tolerance in grapevine.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China.; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China.
Grapevine (Vitis ssp.) is a deciduous perennial fruit crop, and the canes and buds of grapevine should withstand low temperatures (LTs) annually during winter. However, the widely cultivated Vitis vinifera is cold-sensitive and cannot survive the severe winter in regions with extremely LTs, such as viticulture regions in northern China. By contrast, a few wild Vitis species like V. amurensis and V. riparia exhibit excellent freezing tolerance. However, the mechanisms underlying grapevine cold tolerance remain largely unknown. In recent years, much progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms, owing to the advances in sequencing and molecular biotechnology. Assembly of grapevine genomes together with resequencing and transcriptome data enable researchers to conduct genomic and transcriptomic analyses in various grapevine genotypes and populations to explore genetic variations involved in cold tolerance. In addition, a number of pivotal genes have been identified and functionally characterized. In this review, we summarize recent major advances in physiological and molecular analyses of cold tolerance in grapevine and put forward questions in this field. We also discuss the strategies for improving the tolerance of grapevine to cold stress. Understanding grapevine cold tolerance will facilitate the development of grapevines for adaption to global climate change.
PMID: 36789447
Plant Physiol , IF:8.34 , 2023 Jul doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiad403
Vacuolar sugar transporter EARLY RESPONSE TO DEHYDRATION 6-LIKE4 affects fructose signaling and plant growth.
Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrodinger-Str., D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany.; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.; Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universitat Munchen, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.; Institute for Biology III, Unit of Plant Molecular Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.; Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via De Marini 6, I-16149 Genova, Italy.
Regulation of intracellular sugar homeostasis is maintained by regulation of activities of sugar import and export proteins residing at the tonoplast. We show here that the EARLY RESPONSE TO DEHYDRATION6-LIKE4 (ERDL4) protein, a member of the monosaccharide transporter family, resides in the vacuolar membrane in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Gene expression and subcellular fractionation studies indicated that ERDL4 participates in fructose allocation across the tonoplast. Overexpression of ERDL4 increased total sugar levels in leaves due to a concomitantly induced stimulation of TONOPLAST SUGAR TRANSPORTER 2 (TST2) expression, coding for the major vacuolar sugar loader. This conclusion is supported by the finding that tst1-2 knockout lines overexpressing ERDL4 lack increased cellular sugar levels. ERDL4 activity contributing to the coordination of cellular sugar homeostasis is also indicated by two further observations. Firstly, ERDL4 and TST genes exhibit an opposite regulation during a diurnal rhythm, and secondly, the ERDL4 gene is markedly expressed during cold acclimation, representing a situation in which TST activity needs to be upregulated. Moreover, ERDL4-overexpressing plants show larger rosettes and roots, a delayed flowering time, and increased total seed yield. Consistently, erdl4 knockout plants show impaired cold acclimation and freezing tolerance along with reduced plant biomass. In summary, we show that modification of cytosolic fructose levels influences plant organ development and stress tolerance.
PMID: 37427783
Food Chem , IF:7.514 , 2023 Sep , V419 : P136089 doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136089
MaC2H2-like regulates chilling stress response of 'Fenjiao' banana by modulating flavonoid synthesis and fatty acid desaturation.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China. Electronic address: xiaoyang_zhu@scau.edu.cn.; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China. Electronic address: lxp88@scau.edu.cn.
Chilling injury (CI) is a major problem that affects fruit quality and ripening. Herein, chilling stress severely inhibited the expression of transcription factor MaC2H2-like. MaC2H2-like activates the expression of genes associated with flavonoid synthesis (MaC4H-like1, Ma4CL-like1, MaFLS, and MaFLS3) and fatty acid desaturation (MaFAD6-2 and MaFAD6-3), the leading indicators of chilling tolerance. MaC2H2-like interacts with MaEBF1 and boosts the transcriptional activity of MaFAD6-2, MaFAD6-3, Ma4CL-like1, and MaFLS. The overexpression of MaC2H2-like reduced fruit CI, induced the expression of these genes and increased the content of flavonoid and unsaturated fatty acid. Meanwhile, the silencing of MaC2H2-like increased fruit CI and downregulated the expression of those genes and reduced the content of flavonoid and unsaturated fatty acid. These results indicate that MaC2H2-like function as new player in modulating fruit CI by regulating flavonoid synthesis and fatty acid desaturation. MaC2H2-like could be a useful candidate gene for improving cold tolerance in 'Fenjiao' banana.
PMID: 37023674
Plant Cell Environ , IF:7.228 , 2023 Aug , V46 (8) : P2450-2469 doi: 10.1111/pce.14611
lncRNA MtCIR2 positively regulates plant-freezing tolerance by modulating CBF/DREB1 gene clusters.
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Emerging evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in regulation of plant response to environmental stress. CBF/DREB1s are highly conserved transcription factors that regulate response to cold stress in plants. However, very few lncRNAs were found to regulate expression of CBFs and cold tolerance in plant. Here, we identified a cold-responsive long intergenic noncoding RNA (MtCIR2) of CBF/DREB1 genes that were located in a major freezing tolerance QTL region of legume Medicago truncatula. We found that response of MtCIR2 transcription was more rapid than that of MtCBF/DREB1s during cold treatment. MtCIR2 positively regulated M. truncatula freezing tolerance, such that overexpression of MtCIR2 led to higher survival rate and lower cell membrane damage than wild-type plants, while mutation of MtCIR2 rendered the mutants more sensitive to cold stress. In addition, expression levels of MtCBF/DREB1s were up-regulated in the MtCIR2 overexpressing lines and down-regulated in the mutants. Among the MtCIR2-regulated genes, the strongest enriched genes were those involved in polysaccharide metabolic processes. In addition, we demonstrated that overexpression of MtCIR2 led to increases in contents of soluble sugars. These results highlight that MtCIR2 positively regulates tolerance to freezing by regulating MtCBF/DREB1s expression and glycometabolism in M. truncatula.
PMID: 37249093
Plant Cell Environ , IF:7.228 , 2023 Aug , V46 (8) : P2432-2449 doi: 10.1111/pce.14608
A meta-analysis reveals differential sensitivity of cold stress responses in the maize leaf.
Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium.; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Maize (Zea mays), a cold-sensitive crop, requires cold tolerance for extending the length of the growing season in temperate climates. However, response curves to different cold temperatures and exposure durations are lacking. We used a meta-analysis approach using data from literature to investigate the effect of cold stress in the maize leaf. We constructed response curves to temperature and exposure durations for 18 key parameters related to leaf growth, photosynthesis, oxidative stress, antioxidants, and the phytohormone ABA. To determine their relevance for cold tolerance, we compared cold tolerant Flint and cold sensitive Dent lines. Treatment temperatures ranged from -20 degrees C to 20 degrees C for cold and from 12 degrees C to 30 degrees C for control and exposure duration from 3 min to 60 days. We found interacting effects of temperature and exposure durations on different response parameters. The strongest difference between Flint and Dent was observed for electrolyte leakage (EL). Our results show that the commonly used 4 degrees C for cold and 25 degrees C for control with medium cold exposure (1-7 days) induces a 50% decrease in shoot dry weight and leaf area and that EL is an easy and reliable indicator for cold tolerance studies.
PMID: 37170821
J Exp Bot , IF:6.992 , 2023 Jul doi: 10.1093/jxb/erad275
Xylem embolism and bubble formation during freezing suggest complex dynamics of pressure in Betula pendula stems.
Universite Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland.; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Finland.; Institute for Botany, University of Innsbruck, Austria.; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Freeze-thaw-induced embolism is a key limiting factor for perennial plants in frost-exposed environments. Gas bubbles are formed during freezing and expand during thawing resulting in xylem embolism. However, when water freezes, its volume increases by 9%, generating local pressures, which can affect the formation of bubbles. To characterize local dynamic of pressure-tension and physical state of the sap during freeze-thaw cycles, we simultaneously used ultrasonic acoustic emissions analysis and synchrotron-based high resolution computed tomography on the diffuse-porous species Betula pendula. Visualization of individual air-filled vessels was performed to measure freeze-thaw induced embolism after successive freeze-thaw cycles down to -10 degrees C or -20 degrees C during the leafy and the leafless periods. We also measured the distribution of gas bubbles in frozen xylem of Betula pendula, and made additional continuous monitoring of embolism spreading during one freeze-thaw cycle using a dedicated cooling system that allowed X-ray scanning during freezing and thawing. Experiments confirmed that ultrasonic emissions occurred after the onset of ice formation, together with bubble formation, whereas the development of embolism took place after thawing in all cases. The pictures of frozen tissues indicated that the positive pressure induced by the volumetric increase of ice can provoke inward flow from the cell wall toward the lumen of the vessels. We found no evidence that wider vessels within a tissue were more prone to embolism although the occurrence of gas bubbles in larger conduits would make them prone to earlier embolism. These results highlight the need to monitor local pressure as well as ice and air distribution during xylem freezing to understand the mechanism leading to frost-induced embolism.
PMID: 37463327
Int J Biol Macromol , IF:6.953 , 2023 Jul , V242 (Pt 4) : P125090 doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125090
Poplar CCR4-associated factor PtCAF1I is necessary for poplar development and defense response.
Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. Electronic address: wangpu@njfu.edu.cn.; Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 211153, China.; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. Electronic address: czswb@njfu.edu.cn.; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.; Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Special Biomass Resource Utilization, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China.; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. Electronic address: dwli@njfu.edu.cn.; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. Electronic address: qzhuge@njfu.edu.cn.
Poplar is one of the most widely used tree species in afforestation projects. CCR4 associated factor 1 (CAF1) is a major member of CCR4-NOT and plays an important role in eukaryotic mRNA deadenylation. However, its role in poplar remains unclear. In this study, the full-length cDNA of the PtCAF1I gene was cloned from the poplar by screening the highly expressed PtCAF1I gene in the identified PtCAF1 gene family by poplar sterilization. PtCAF1I was localized in the nucleus. Through sequence alignment, it was found that the PtCAF1I sequence contains three motifs and is highly similar to the CAF1 protein sequence of other species. In the quantitative expression analysis of tissues, the expression of PtCAF1I in different tissues of Populus trichocarpa, 'Nanlin895', and Shanxinyang was not much different. In addition, the analysis of the expression of the PtCAF1I gene under different stress treatments showed that PtCAF1I responded to abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), NaCl, PEG(6000), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and cold stress to different degrees. To study the potential biological functions of PtCAF1I, 6 transgenic lines were obtained through transformation using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection system. The transcriptome sequencing results showed that DEGs were mainly concentrated in pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, carbon metabolism, and carotenoid biosynthesis. Compared with WT poplar, the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, total sugar, and flavonoids, and the cell wall thickness of PtCAF1I overexpression poplars were significantly higher. Under Septotinia populiperda treatment, transgenic poplars clearly exhibited certain disease resistance. Meanwhile, upregulation of the expression of JA and SA pathway-related genes also contributed to improving the disease tolerance of transgenic poplar. In conclusion, our results suggest that PtCAF1I plays an important role in the growth and development of poplars and their resistance to pathogens.
PMID: 37247707
Hortic Res , IF:6.793 , 2023 Aug , V10 (8) : Puhad137 doi: 10.1093/hr/uhad137
Chilling stress drives organ-specific transcriptional cascades and dampens diurnal oscillation in tomato.
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.; Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Improving chilling tolerance in cold-sensitive crops, e.g. tomato, requires knowledge of the early molecular response to low temperature in these under-studied species. To elucidate early responding processes and regulators, we captured the transcriptional response at 30 minutes and 3 hours in the shoots and at 3 hours in the roots of tomato post-chilling from 24 degrees C to 4 degrees C. We used a pre-treatment control and a concurrent ambient temperature control to reveal that majority of the differential expression between cold and ambient conditions is due to severely compressed oscillation of a large set of diurnally regulated genes in both the shoots and roots. This compression happens within 30 minutes of chilling, lasts for the duration of cold treatment, and is relieved within 3 hours of return to ambient temperatures. Our study also shows that the canonical ICE1/CAMTA-to-CBF cold response pathway is active in the shoots, but not in the roots. Chilling stress induces synthesis of known cryoprotectants (trehalose and polyamines), in a CBF-independent manner, and induction of multiple genes encoding proteins of photosystems I and II. This study provides nuanced insights into the organ-specific response in a chilling sensitive plant, as well as the genes influenced by an interaction of chilling response and the circadian clock.
PMID: 37564269
Sci Data , IF:6.444 , 2023 Jun , V10 (1) : P399 doi: 10.1038/s41597-023-02307-8
A phylotranscriptomic dataset of angiosperm species under cold stress.
State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Hangzhou, China.; Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Yumin Road 7, Sanya, 572025, China.; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Hangzhou, China. wwwu@zafu.edu.cn.
Angiosperms are one of the most diverse and abundant plant groups that are widely distributed on Earth, from tropical to temperate and polar zones. The wide distribution of angiosperms may be attributed to the evolution of sophisticated mechanisms of environmental adaptability, including cold tolerance. Since the development of high-throughput sequencing, transcriptome has been widely utilized to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms of plants in response to cold stress. However, previous studies generally focused on single or two species, and comparative transcriptome analyses for multispecies responding to cold stress were limited. In this study, we selected 11 representative angiosperm species, performed phylotranscriptome experiments at four time points before and after cold stress, and presented a profile of cold-induced transcriptome changes in angiosperms. Our multispecies cold-responsive RNA-seq datasets provide valuable references for exploring conserved and evolutionary mechanisms of angiosperms in adaptation to cold stress.
PMID: 37349352
Sci China Life Sci , IF:6.038 , 2023 Aug , V66 (8) : P1800-1817 doi: 10.1007/s11427-022-2265-6
Melanin precursors mediated adaption to temperature changes in fungus and animal via inhibition of lipid-mediated ferroptosis.
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650032, China.; Kunming Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214, China.; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China. shli@mail.kib.ac.cn.; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650032, China. xmniu@ynu.edu.cn.
The discovery of biological activities of natural products plays a vital part in drug development. The mechanism by which organisms respond to temperature changes via biosynthesis of natural products remained largely cryptic. A thermophilic fungus under cold stress turned black and accumulated a polyketide metabolite 1 and lipid mass. Deficiency in 1 caused melanin loss and accumulated extra lipid mass, unexpectedly leading to seriously damaged mitochondria diagnostic for ferroptosis. Further analysis revealed that lipid mass induced by cold stress intensively increased ferroptosis risk and 1 functioned as cell wall reinforcer against mass lipid accumulation and as reactive oxygen species scavenger against lipid peroxidation. We also found that melanin in mice lowered lipid level but enhanced animal resistance to cold stress. Treatment with melanin precursors significantly increased mouse cell survival rate under cold stress. Our results unveiled a metabolite-lipid-ferroptosis-cold relationship, which provided mechanistic insights into the functions of most common metabolites and into diseases related to cold stress. These findings opened a perspective for developing anti-cold and anti-ferroptosis therapeutics and agents.
PMID: 36949229
Int J Mol Sci , IF:5.923 , 2023 Aug , V24 (15) doi: 10.3390/ijms241512468
The Transcription Factor MbWRKY46 in Malus baccata (L.) Borkh Mediate Cold and Drought Stress Responses.
Horticulture Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150040, China.; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
The living environment of plants is not static; as such, they will inevitably be threatened by various external factors for their growth and development. In order to ensure the healthy growth of plants, in addition to artificial interference, the most important and effective method is to rely on the role of transcription factors in the regulatory network of plant responses to abiotic stress. This study conducted bioinformatics analysis on the MbWRKY46 gene, which was obtained through gene cloning technology from Malus baccata (L.) Borkh, and found that the MbWRKY46 gene had a total length of 1068 bp and encodes 355 amino acids. The theoretical molecular weight (MW) of the MbWRKY46 protein was 39.76 kDa, the theoretical isoelectric point (pI) was 5.55, and the average hydrophilicity coefficient was -0.824. The subcellular localization results showed that it was located in the nucleus. After conducting stress resistance studies on it, it was found that the expression of MbWRKY46 was tissue specific, with the highest expression level in roots and old leaves. Low temperature and drought had a stronger induction effect on the expression of this gene. Under low temperature and drought treatment, the expression levels of several downstream genes related to low temperature and drought stress (AtKIN1, AtRD29A, AtCOR47A, AtDREB2A, AtERD10, AtRD29B) increased more significantly in transgenic Arabidopsis. This indicated that MbWRKY46 gene can be induced to upregulate expression in Arabidopsis under cold and water deficient environments. The results of this study have a certain reference value for the application of M. baccata MbWRKY46 in low-temperature and drought response, and provide a theoretical basis for further research on its function in the future.
PMID: 37569844
Int J Mol Sci , IF:5.923 , 2023 Jul , V24 (15) doi: 10.3390/ijms241512033
Alfalfa MsATG13 Confers Cold Stress Tolerance to Plants by Promoting Autophagy.
Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, No. 1 of Shida Road, Limin Development Zone, Harbin 150025, China.
Autophagy is a conserved cellular process that functions in the maintenance of physiological and metabolic balance. It has previously been demonstrated to improve plant tolerance to abiotic stress. Numerous autophagy-related genes (ATGs) that regulate abiotic stress have been identified, but there have been few functional studies showing how ATGs confer cold stress tolerance. The cold transcriptome data of the crown buds that experienced overwintering of the alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) showed that MsATG13 is upregulated in response to cold stress. In the present study, we found that MsATG13 transgenic tobacco enhanced cold tolerance compared to wild-type (WT) plants. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that transgenic tobacco overexpressing MsATG13 formed more autophagosomes than WT plants in response to cold stress conditions. The transgenic tobacco increased autophagy levels due to upregulation of other ATGs that were necessary for autophagosome production under cold stress conditions. MsATG13 transgenic tobacco also increased the proline contents and antioxidant enzyme activities, enhancing the antioxidant defense capabilities under cold stress conditions. Furthermore, MsATG13 overexpression decreased levels of superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide under cold stress conditions. These findings demonstrate the role of MsATG13 in enhancing plant cold tolerance through modulation of autophagy and antioxidant levels.
PMID: 37569409
Int J Mol Sci , IF:5.923 , 2023 Jul , V24 (14) doi: 10.3390/ijms241411402
Dynamics of Polyamines, Proline, and Ethylene Metabolism under Increasing Cold in Winter Oilseed Rape.
Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.; Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl. 21, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Cold stress is among the most important environmental factors reducing the yield of crops. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of increasing cold stress conditions on winter oilseed rape polyamines, proline, and ethylene metabolism in acclimated and non-acclimated winter oilseed rape. This study was carried out under controlled conditions in the laboratory. The winter oilseed rape hybrid 'Visby' was used in the experiment. Acclimated and non-acclimated plants were subjected to a two-day-long increasing cold (from -1 degrees C to -3 degrees C) treatment. HPTLC, RT-qPCR, spectral analysis, and gas chromatography methods were used to analyse the levels of polyamines, gene expression, proline, and ethylene, respectively. This study showed a decrease in putrescine, spermidine, and spermine content during cold acclimation and a decrease in putrescine and spermidine levels at sub-zero temperatures. There were intensive changes in ADC2 gene expression, proline, and ethylene levels in non-acclimated plants: a substantial increase after exposure to -1 degrees C temperature and a sharp decrease after exposure to -3 degrees C temperature. The changes in these parameters were lower or absent in acclimated plants. The phenomena observed in this study add new insights to the knowledge about the plant stress response and suggest questions to be answered in the future.
PMID: 37511158
Int J Mol Sci , IF:5.923 , 2023 Jul , V24 (14) doi: 10.3390/ijms241411323
Comparative Transcriptomics of Multi-Stress Responses in Pachycladon cheesemanii and Arabidopsis thaliana.
School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand.; Department Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.; School of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.; Biochemistry Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.; Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
The environment is seldom optimal for plant growth and changes in abiotic and biotic signals, including temperature, water availability, radiation and pests, induce plant responses to optimise survival. The New Zealand native plant species and close relative to Arabidopsis thaliana, Pachycladon cheesemanii, grows under environmental conditions that are unsustainable for many plant species. Here, we compare the responses of both species to different stressors (low temperature, salt and UV-B radiation) to help understand how P. cheesemanii can grow in such harsh environments. The stress transcriptomes were determined and comparative transcriptome and network analyses discovered similar and unique responses within species, and between the two plant species. A number of widely studied plant stress processes were highly conserved in A. thaliana and P. cheesemanii. However, in response to cold stress, Gene Ontology terms related to glycosinolate metabolism were only enriched in P. cheesemanii. Salt stress was associated with alteration of the cuticle and proline biosynthesis in A. thaliana and P. cheesemanii, respectively. Anthocyanin production may be a more important strategy to contribute to the UV-B radiation tolerance in P. cheesemanii. These results allowed us to define broad stress response pathways in A. thaliana and P. cheesemanii and suggested that regulation of glycosinolate, proline and anthocyanin metabolism are strategies that help mitigate environmental stress.
PMID: 37511083
Int J Mol Sci , IF:5.923 , 2023 Jul , V24 (13) doi: 10.3390/ijms241311211
Transcriptome Analysis of Diurnal and Nocturnal-Warmed Plants, the Molecular Mechanism Underlying Cold Deacclimation Response in Deschampsia antarctica.
Departamento de Ciencias Agronomicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente and Center of Plant, Soil Interactions and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.; Biocontrol Research Laboratory and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
Warming in the Antarctic Peninsula is one of the fastest on earth, and is predicted to become more asymmetric in the near future. Warming has already favored the growth and reproduction of Antarctic plant species, leading to a decrease in their freezing tolerance (deacclimation). Evidence regarding the effects of diurnal and nocturnal warming on freezing tolerance-related gene expression in D. antarctica is negligible. We hypothesized that freezing tolerance-related gene (such as CBF-regulon) expression is reduced mainly by nocturnal warming rather than diurnal temperature changes in D. antarctica. The present work aimed to determine the effects of diurnal and nocturnal warming on cold deacclimation and its associated gene expression in D. antarctica, under laboratory conditions. Fully cold-acclimated plants (8 degrees C/0 degrees C), with 16h/8h thermoperiod and photoperiod duration, were assigned to four treatments for 14 days: one control (8 degrees C/0 degrees C) and three with different warming conditions (diurnal (14 degrees C/0 degrees C), nocturnal (8 degrees C/6 degrees C), and diurnal-nocturnal (14 degrees C/6 degrees C). RNA-seq was performed and differential gene expression was analyzed. Nocturnal warming significantly down-regulated the CBF transcription factors expression and associated cold stress response genes and up-regulated photosynthetic and growth promotion genes. Consequently, nocturnal warming has a greater effect than diurnal warming on the cold deacclimation process in D. antarctica. The eco-physiological implications are discussed.
PMID: 37446390
Int J Mol Sci , IF:5.923 , 2023 Jul , V24 (13) doi: 10.3390/ijms241311090
Overexpression of TaMYB4 Confers Freezing Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.
College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Freezing stress is one of the main factors limiting the growth and yield of wheat. In this study, we found that TaMYB4 expression was significantly upregulated in the tillering nodes of the strong cold-resistant winter wheat variety Dongnongdongmai1 (Dn1) under freezing stress. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis, qRT-PCR and protein-DNA interaction experiments demonstrated that monodehydroascorbate reductase (TaMDHAR) is a direct target of TaMYB4. The results showed that overexpression of TaMYB4 enhanced the freezing tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. In TaMYB4 overexpression lines (OE-TaMYB4), AtMDHAR2 expression was upregulated and ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle operation was enhanced. In addition, the expression of cold stress marker genes such as AtCBF1, AtCBF2, AtCBF3, AtCOR15A, AtCOR47, AtKIN1 and AtRD29A in OE-TaMYB4 lines was significantly upregulated. Therefore, TaMYB4 may increase freezing tolerance as a transcription factor (TF) in Arabidopsis through the AsA-GSH cycle and DREB/CBF signaling pathway. This study provides a potential gene for molecular breeding against freezing stress.
PMID: 37446268
Int J Mol Sci , IF:5.923 , 2023 Jun , V24 (13) doi: 10.3390/ijms241310534
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of AS2 Genes in Brassica rapa Reveal Their Potential Roles in Abiotic Stress.
College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China.
The ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2/LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (AS2/LOB) gene family plays a pivotal role in plant growth, induction of phytohormones, and the abiotic stress response. However, the AS2 gene family in Brassica rapa has yet to be investigated. In this study, we identified 62 AS2 genes in the B. rapa genome, which were classified into six subfamilies and distributed across 10 chromosomes. Sequence analysis of BrAS2 promotors showed that there are several typical cis-elements involved in abiotic stress tolerance and stress-related hormone response. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that BrAS2-47 exhibited ubiquitous expression in all tissues, indicating it may be involved in many biological processes. Gene expression analysis showed that the expressions of BrAS2-47 and BrAS2-10 were significantly downregulated under cold stress, heat stress, drought stress, and salt stress, while BrAS2-58 expression was significantly upregulated under heat stress. RT-qPCR also confirmed that the expression of BrAS2-47 and BrAS2-10 was significantly downregulated under cold stress, drought stress, and salt stress, and in addition BrAS2-56 and BrAS2-4 also changed significantly under the three stresses. In addition, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed that the Arabidopsis thaliana genes AT5G67420 (homologous gene of BrAS2-47 and BrAS2-10) and AT3G49940 (homologous gene of BrAS2-58) can interact with NIN-like protein 7 (NLP7), which has been previously reported to play a role in resistance to adverse environments. In summary, our findings suggest that among the BrAS2 gene family, BrAS2-47 and BrAS2-10 have the most potential for the regulation of abiotic stress tolerance. These results will facilitate future functional investigations of BrAS2 genes in B. rapa.
PMID: 37445710
Int J Mol Sci , IF:5.923 , 2023 Jul , V24 (13) doi: 10.3390/ijms241311082
ABF1 Positively Regulates Rice Chilling Tolerance via Inducing Trehalose Biosynthesis.
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China.; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.; School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
Chilling stress seriously limits grain yield and quality worldwide. However, the genes and the underlying mechanisms that respond to chilling stress remain elusive. This study identified ABF1, a cold-induced transcription factor of the bZIP family. Disruption of ABF1 impaired chilling tolerance with increased ion leakage and reduced proline contents, while ABF1 over-expression lines exhibited the opposite tendency, suggesting that ABF1 positively regulated chilling tolerance in rice. Moreover, SnRK2 protein kinase SAPK10 could phosphorylate ABF1, and strengthen the DNA-binding ability of ABF1 to the G-box cis-element of the promoter of TPS2, a positive regulator of trehalose biosynthesis, consequently elevating the TPS2 transcription and the endogenous trehalose contents. Meanwhile, applying exogenous trehalose enhanced the chilling tolerance of abf1 mutant lines. In summary, this study provides a novel pathway 'SAPK10-ABF1-TPS2' involved in rice chilling tolerance through regulating trehalose homeostasis.
PMID: 37446259
Int J Mol Sci , IF:5.923 , 2023 Jul , V24 (13) doi: 10.3390/ijms241311042
SlTDC1 Overexpression Promoted Photosynthesis in Tomato under Chilling Stress by Improving CO(2) Assimilation and Alleviating Photoinhibition.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
Chilling causes a significant decline in photosynthesis in tomato plants. Tomato tryptophan decarboxylase gene 1 (SlTDC1) is the first rate-limiting gene for melatonin (MT) biosynthesis and is involved in the regulation of photosynthesis under various abiotic stresses. However, it is not clear whether SlTDC1 participates in the photosynthesis of tomato under chilling stress. Here, we obtained SlTDC1 overexpression transgenic tomato seedlings, which showed higher SlTDC1 mRNA abundance and MT content compared with the wild type (WT). The results showed that the overexpression of SlTDC1 obviously alleviated the chilling damage to seedlings in terms of the lower electrolyte leakage rate and hydrogen peroxide content, compared with the WT after 2 d of chilling stress. Moreover, the overexpression of SlTDC1 notably increased photosynthesis under chilling stress, which was related to the higher chlorophyll content, normal chloroplast structure, and higher mRNA abundance and protein level of Rubisco and RCA, as well as the higher carbon metabolic capacity, compared to the WT. In addition, we found that SlTDC1-overexpressing seedlings showed higher W(k) (damage degree of OEC on the PSII donor side), phi(Eo) (quantum yield for electron transport in the PSII reaction center), and PI(ABS) (photosynthetic performance index) than WT seedlings after low-temperature stress, implying that the overexpression of SlTDC1 decreased the damage to the reaction center and donor-side and receptor-side electron transport of PSII and promoted PSI activity, as well as energy absorption and distribution, to relieve the photoinhibition induced by chilling stress. Our results support the notion that SlTDC1 plays a vital role in the regulation of photosynthesis under chilling stress.
PMID: 37446219
Int J Mol Sci , IF:5.923 , 2023 Jul , V24 (14) doi: 10.3390/ijms241411590
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Brassinolide Signaling Pathway Control of Foxtail Millet Seedling Starch and Sucrose Metabolism under Freezing Stress, with Implications for Growth and Development.
College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China.
Low-temperature stress limits the growth and development of foxtail millet. Freezing stress caused by sudden temperature drops, such as late-spring coldness, often occurs in the seedling stage of foxtail millet. However, the ability and coping strategies of foxtail millet to cope with such stress are not clear. In the present study, we analyzed the self-regulatory mechanisms of freezing stress in foxtail millet. We conducted a physiological study on foxtail millet leaves at -4 degrees C for seven different durations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h). Longer freezing time increased cell-membrane damage, relative conductance, and malondialdehyde content. This led to osmotic stress in the leaves, which triggered an increase in free proline, soluble sugar, and soluble protein contents. The increases in these substances helped to reduce the damage caused by stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. The optimal time point for the response to freezing stress was 8 h after exposure. The transcriptome analysis of samples held for 8 h at -4 degrees C revealed 6862 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which the majority are implicated in various pathways, including the starch and sucrose metabolic pathways, antioxidant enzyme pathways, brassinolide (BR) signaling pathway, and transcription factors, according to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment. We investigated possible crosstalk between BR signals and other pathways and found that BR signaling molecules were induced in response to freezing stress. The beta-amylase (BAM) starch hydrolase signal was enhanced by the BR signal, resulting in the accelerated degradation of starch and the formation of sugars, which served as emerging ROS scavengers and osmoregulators to resist freezing stress. In conclusion, crosstalk between BR signal transduction, and both starch and sucrose metabolism under freezing stress provides a new perspective for improving freezing resistance in foxtail millet.
PMID: 37511348
Front Plant Sci , IF:5.753 , 2023 , V14 : P1227349 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1227349
Transcriptomic analysis in tomato fruit reveals divergences in genes involved in cold stress response and fruit ripening.
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.; Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.; Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
Cold storage is widely used to extend the postharvest life of most horticultural crops, including tomatoes, but this practice triggers cold stress and leads to the development of undesirable chilling injury (CI) symptoms. The underlying mechanisms of cold stress response and CI development in fruits remain unclear as they are often intermingled with fruit ripening changes. To gain insight into cold responses in fruits, we examined the effect of the potent ethylene signaling inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on fruit ripening, CI occurrence and gene expression in mature green tomatoes during storage at 20 degrees C and 5 degrees C. 1-MCP treatments effectively inhibited ethylene production and peel color changes during storage at 20 degrees C. Storage at 5 degrees C also inhibited both ethylene production and peel color change; during rewarming at 20 degrees C, 1-MCP treatments inhibited peel color change but failed to inhibit ethylene production. Furthermore, fruits stored at 5 degrees C for 14 d developed CI symptoms (surface pitting and decay) during the rewarming period at 20 degrees C regardless of 1-MCP treatment. Subsequent RNA-Seq analysis revealed that cold stress triggers a large-scale transcriptomic adjustment, as noticeably more genes were differentially expressed at 5 degrees C (8,406) than at 20 degrees C (4,814). More importantly, we have found some important divergences among genes involved in fruit ripening (up- or down-regulated at 20 degrees C; inhibited by 1-MCP treatment) and those involved in cold stress (up- or down-regulated at 5 degrees C; unaffected by 1-MCP treatment). Transcriptomic adjustments unique to cold stress response were associated with ribosome biogenesis, NcRNA metabolism, DNA methylation, chromatin formation/remodeling, and alternative splicing events. These data should foster further research into cold stress response mechanisms in fruits with the ultimate aim of improving tolerance to low temperature and reduction of CI symptoms during cold storage.
PMID: 37575935
Front Plant Sci , IF:5.753 , 2023 , V14 : P1114026 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1114026
Feeding on rapid cold hardening Ambrosia artemisiifolia enhances cold tolerance of Ophraella communa.
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.; National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China.; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Biology of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.
Low temperatures greatly influence newly introduced species, and increased cold tolerance can facilitate their establishment in new environments. The invasive alien species Ambrosia artemisiifolia is distributed at high latitudes and altitudes, where it suffers more from cold stress than it would at low latitudes or altitudes. Whether cold stress influences the accumulation of cryoprotectants and cold tolerance in A. artemisiifolia, and further influences the cold tolerance of its biological control agent, Ophraella communa, through feeding remain unknown. We investigated the levels of cryoprotectants and metabolic changes in A. artemisiifolia. We found that the level of total sugar, trehalose, proline, and other cold responsible metabolites increased in A. artemisiifolia after rapid cold-hardening (RCH) treatment, when compared to normal plants. These indicated that RCH treatment could improve the cold-hardiness of A. artemisiifolia. We then investigated the levels of cryoprotectants and metabolic changes in O. communa. We found that O. communa fed on RCH-treated A. artemisiifolia had higher levels of total sugar, trehalose, proline, glycerol, lipid, lower water content, lower super-cooling point, and increased cold tolerance compared to O. communa fed on normal A. artemisiifolia. This suggested that O. communa fed on cold-hardened A. artemisiifolia could increase its cold tolerance. Results showed a trophic transmission in insect cold tolerance. Our study enriches the theoretical basis for the co-evolution of cold tolerance in invasive and herbivorous insects.
PMID: 37528981
Front Plant Sci , IF:5.753 , 2023 , V14 : P1210632 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1210632
Genome-wide characterization of L-aspartate oxidase genes in wheat and their potential roles in the responses to wheat disease and abiotic stresses.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province)/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.; Nanchong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.; Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei, China.; College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
L-aspartate oxidase (AO) is the first enzyme in NAD(+) biosynthesis and is widely distributed in plants, animals, and microorganisms. Recently, AO family members have been reported in several plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays. Research on AO in these plants has revealed that AO plays important roles in plant growth, development, and biotic stresses; however, the nature and functions of AO proteins in wheat are still unclear. In this study, nine AO genes were identified in the wheat genome via sequence alignment and conserved protein domain analysis. These nine wheat AO genes (TaAOs) were distributed on chromosomes 2, 5, and 6 of sub-genomes A, B, and D. Analysis of the phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, and gene structure showed that the nine TaAOs were clustered into three groups, and the TaAOs in each group had similar conserved motifs and gene structure. Meanwhile, the subcellular localization analysis of transient expression mediated by Agrobacterium tumetioniens indicated that TaAO3-6D was localized to chloroplasts. Prediction of cis-elements indicated that a large number of cis-elements involved in responses to ABA, SA, and antioxidants/electrophiles, as well as photoregulatory responses, were found in TaAO promoters, which suggests that the expression of TaAOs may be regulated by these factors. Finally, transcriptome and real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of TaAOs belonging to Group III was strongly induced in wheat infected by F. graminearum during anthesis, while the expression of TaAOs belonging to Group I was heavily suppressed. Additionally, the inducible expression of TaAOs belonging to Group III during anthesis in wheat spikelets infected by F. graminearum was repressed by ABA. Finally, expression of almost all TaAOs was induced by exposure to cold treatment. These results indicate that TaAOs may participate in the response of wheat to F. graminearum infection and cold stress, and ABA may play a negative role in this process. This study lays a foundation for further investigation of TaAO genes and provides novel insights into their biological functions.
PMID: 37476177
iScience , IF:5.458 , 2023 Aug , V26 (8) : P107362 doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107362
Global identification of natural antisense transcripts in Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense under chilling stress.
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, The Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 300058, China.; Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China.; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Building 11, Yonyou Industrial Park, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China.; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China.
Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) in model plants have been recognized as important regulators of gene expression under abiotic stresses. However, the functional roles of NATs in crops under low temperature are still unclear. Here, we identified 815 and 689 NATs from leaves of Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense under chilling stress. Among those, 224 NATs were identified as interspecific homologs between the two species. The correlation coefficients for expression of NATs and their cognate sense genes (CSG) were 0.43 and 0.37 in G. hirsutum and G. barbadense, respectively. Furthermore, expression of interspecific NATs and CSGs alike was highly consistent under chilling stress with correlation coefficients of 0.90-0.91. Four cold-associated NATs were selected for functional validation using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Our results suggest that CAN1 engage in the molecular regulation of chilling stress by regulating SnRK2.8 expression. This highly conserved NAT have valuable potential for applications in breeding cold-tolerant cotton.
PMID: 37554457
Rice (N Y) , IF:4.783 , 2023 Jul , V16 (1) : P32 doi: 10.1186/s12284-023-00649-w
RGA1 Negatively Regulates Thermo-tolerance by Affecting Carbohydrate Metabolism and the Energy Supply in Rice.
National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.; Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Luzhou Branch of National Rice Improvement Center, Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang, China.; China National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.; National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China. chentingting@caas.cn.; National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China. fuguanfu@caas.cn.; China National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China. fuguanfu@caas.cn.
BACKGROUND: Signal transduction mediated by heterotrimeric G proteins, which comprise the alpha, beta, and gamma subunits, is one of the most important signaling pathways in rice plants. RGA1, which encodes the Galpha subunit of the G protein, plays an important role in the response to various types of abiotic stress, including salt, drought, and cold stress. However, the role of RGA1 in the response to heat stress remains unclear. RESULTS: The heat-resistant mutant ett1 (enhanced thermo-tolerance 1) with a new allele of the RGA1 gene was derived from an ethane methyl sulfonate-induced Zhonghua11 mutant. After 45 degrees C heat stress treatment for 36 h and recovery for 7 d, the survival rate of the ett1 mutants was significantly higher than that of wild-type (WT) plants. The malondialdehyde content was lower, and the maximum fluorescence quantum yield of photosystem II, peroxidase activity, and hsp expression were higher in ett1 mutants than in WT plants after 12 h of exposure to 45 degrees C. The RNA-sequencing results revealed that the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and energy was up-regulated in ett1 under heat stress. The carbohydrate content and the relative expression of genes involved in sucrose metabolism indicated that carbohydrate metabolism was accelerated in ett1 under heat stress. Energy parameters, including the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and the energy charge, were significantly higher in the ett1 mutants than in WT plants under heat stress. Importantly, exogenous glucose can alleviate the damages on rice seedling plants caused by heat stress. CONCLUSION: RGA1 negatively regulates the thermo-tolerance in rice seedling plants through affecting carbohydrate and energy metabolism.
PMID: 37495715
Plant Dis , IF:4.438 , 2023 Jul doi: 10.1094/PDIS-01-23-0082-RE
Effect of infection timing by four Pythium spp. on soybean damping-off symptoms with and without cold stress.
Iowa State University, 1177, Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Ames, Iowa, United States; rashelle@iastate.edu.; Iowa State University, 1177, Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Ames, Iowa, United States; alisonr@iastate.edu.
Pythium spp. cause damping-off of soybean, especially when soil conditions at or shortly after planting are cool and wet. Soybean planting dates continue to shift to earlier dates; thus, germinating seed and seedlings are exposed to periods of cold stress at a time which favors infection by Pythium and seedling disease occurs. The objective of this study was to assess infection timing and cold stress on soybean seedling disease severity caused by four Pythium spp. prevalent in Iowa, namely P. lutarium, P. oopapillum, P. sylvaticum, and P. torulosum. Each species was used individually to inoculate soybean cultivar 'Sloan' using a rolled towel assay. Two temperature treatments (continuous 18 degrees C (C18); a 48 h cold stress period at 10 degrees C (CS)) were applied. Soybean seedling age was divided into five growth stages (GS1-GS5). Root rot severity and root length were assessed at 2, 4, 7, and 10 days after inoculation (DAI). At C18, root rot was greatest when soybean was inoculated with P. lutarium or P. sylvaticum at GS1 (seed imbibes water), and P. oopapillum or P. torulosum at GS1, GS2 (radicle elongation), and GS3 (hypocotyl emergence). After CS, soybean susceptibility to P. lutarium and P. sylvaticum was reduced compared to C18 for inoculation at all GSs except GS5 (unifoliate leaf emergence). Conversely, root rot by P. oopapillum and P. torulosum was greater after CS compared to C18. Data from this study demonstrate that greater root rot, and consequently more damping-off, is likely if infection occurs at early germination stages before seedling emergence.
PMID: 37415355
Sci Rep , IF:4.379 , 2023 Jun , V13 (1) : P10138 doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-37038-8
A statistical modeling approach based on the small-scale field trial and meteorological data for preliminary prediction of the impact of low temperature on Eucalyptus globulus trees.
Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.; Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan. ta1oguchi@gene.tsukuba.ac.jp.; Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Gene Research Center Bldg., Ten-Nodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan. ta1oguchi@gene.tsukuba.ac.jp.; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.; Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.; Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Gene Research Center Bldg., Ten-Nodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
Eucalyptus trees are important for industrial forestry plantations because of their high potential for biomass production, but their susceptibility to damage at low temperatures restricts their plantation areas. In this study, a 6-year field trial of Eucalyptus globulus was conducted in Tsukuba, Japan, which is the northernmost reach of Eucalyptus plantations, and leaf damage was quantitatively monitored over four of six winters. Leaf photosynthetic quantum yield (QY) levels, an indicator of cold stress-induced damage, fluctuated synchronously with temperature in the winters. We performed a maximum likelihood estimation of the regression model explaining leaf QY using training data subsets for the first 3 years. The resulting model explained QY by the number of days when the daily maximum temperature was below 9.5 degrees C over approximately the last 7 weeks as an explanatory variable. The correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination of prediction by the model between the predicted and observed values were 0.84 and 0.70, respectively. The model was then used to perform two kinds of simulations. Geographical simulations of potential Eucalyptus plantation areas using global meteorological data from more than 5,000 locations around the world successfully predicted an area that generally agreed with the global Eucalyptus plantation distribution reported previously. Another simulation based on meteorological data of the past 70 years suggested that global warming will increase the potential E. globulus plantation area in Japan approximately 1.5-fold over the next 70 years. These results suggest that the model developed herein would be applicable to preliminary predictions of E. globulus cold damage in the field.
PMID: 37349519
Plant Physiol Biochem , IF:4.27 , 2023 Aug , V202 : P107945 doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107945
Expression dosage effects of a small number of genes after the artificial doubling of weeping forsythia.
College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhehaote, China; College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.; College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.; School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.; School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.; College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhehaote, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China. Electronic address: 20220053@imnu.edu.cn.
Whole genome doubling (WGD) plays a critical role in plant evolution, yet the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of overall equilibrium following an artificial doubling event, as well as its impact on phenotype and adaptability, remain unclear. By comparing the gene expression of naturally occurring weeping forsythia diploids and colchicine-induced autotetraploids under normal growth conditions and cold stress, we identified gene expression dosage responses resulting from ploidy change. Only a small proportion of effectively expressed genes showed dosage effect, and most genes did not exhibit significant expression differences. However, the genes that showed expression dosage effect were largely random. The autotetraploids had slower overall growth rates, possibly resulting from negative gene dosage effects on zeatin synthesis and multiple metabolic delays caused by other negative dosage genes. Our comparative analysis of cold response genes in diploids and autotetraploids revealed that genes related to "response to abscisic acid" and "cold acclimation" were key factors contributing to greater cold tolerance in the autotetraploids. In particular, gene expression related to "cold acclimation" might mitigate the effects of cold stress. Taken together, our findings suggested that overall gene expression equilibrium following WGD of weeping forsythia autotetraploids was achieved through the inactivation of the majority of duplicated genes. Our research provides new insights into the mechanisms regulating expression dosage balance following polyploidization events.
PMID: 37562202
Plant Physiol Biochem , IF:4.27 , 2023 Aug , V202 : P107930 doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107930
Genome-wide identification and expression pattern profiling of the ATP-binding cassette gene family in tea plant (Camelliasinensis).
Shaannan Eco-economy Research Center, Ankang University, 725000, Ankang, China. Electronic address: chuan_shen@aku.edu.cn.; Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Ankang University, 725000, Ankang, China.
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) gene family is one of the largest and oldest protein families, consisting of ATP-driven transporters facilitating substrate transportation across cell membranes. However, little is known about the evolution and biological function of the ABC gene family in tea plants. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification and expression analysis of genes encoding ABC transporter proteins in Camellia sinensis. Our analysis of 170 ABC genes revealed that CsABCs were unevenly distributed across 15 chromosomes, with an amino acid length ranging from 188 to 2489 aa, molecular weight ranging from 20.29 to 277.34 kDa, and an isoelectric point ranging from 4.89 to 10.63. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CsABCs were divided into eight subfamilies, among which the ABCG subfamily was the most abundant. Furthermore, the subcellular localization of CsABCs indicated that they were present in various organelles. Collinearity analysis between the tea plant and Arabidopsis thaliana genomes revealed that the CsABC genes were homologous to the AtABC genes. Large gene fragment duplication analysis identified ten gene pairs as tandem repeats, and interaction network analysis demonstrated that CsABCs interacted with various types of target genes, with protein interactions also occurring within the family. Tissue expression analysis indicated that CsABCs were highly expressed in roots, stems, and leaves and were easily induced by drought and cold stress. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis of the relative expression level of the gene under drought and cold stress correlated with the sequencing results. Identifying ABC genes in tea plants lays a foundation for the classification and functional analysis of ABC family genes, which can facilitate molecular breeding and the development of new tea varieties.
PMID: 37552927
Plant Physiol Biochem , IF:4.27 , 2023 Aug , V201 : P107831 doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107831
Multifactorial role of nanoparticles in alleviating environmental stresses for sustainable crop production and protection.
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati, 731236, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India.; Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati, 731236, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: sar.puranjoy1997@gmail.com.; Department of Agronomy, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati, 731236, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India.; Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding and Seed Science and Technology, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralekhamundi, 761211, Odisha, India.; Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, 248 002, Uttarakhand, India.; Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, 733134, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India.; Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, 733134, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: debasismitra3@raiganjuniversity.ac.in.
In the era of dire environmental fluctuations, plants undergo several stressors during their life span, which severely impact their development and overall growth in negative aspects. Abiotic stress factors, especially moisture stress i.e shortage (drought) or excess (flooding), salinity, temperature divergence (i.e. heat and cold stress), heavy metal toxicity, etc. create osmotic and ionic imbalance inside the plant cells, which ultimately lead to devastating crop yield, sometimes crop failure. Apart from the array of abiotic stresses, various biotic stress caused by pathogens, insects, and nematodes also affect production. Therefore, to combat these major challenges in order to increase production, several novel strategies have been adapted, among which the use of nanoparticles (NPs) i.e. nanotechnology is becoming an emerging tool in various facets of the current agriculture system, nowadays. This present review will elaborately depict the deployment and mechanisms of different NPs to withstand these biotic and abiotic stresses, along with a brief overview and indication of the future research works to be oriented based on the steps provided for future research in advance NPs application through the sustainable way.
PMID: 37418817
Plant Physiol Biochem , IF:4.27 , 2023 Jul , V200 : P107768 doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107768
The transcription factor VaNAC72-regulated expression of the VaCP17 gene from Chinese wild Vitis amurensis enhances cold tolerance in transgenic grape (V. vinifera).
College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China. Electronic address: qhx19971104@163.com.; College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China. Electronic address: 2319909797@qq.com.; College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China. Electronic address: 1272351337@qq.com.; College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China. Electronic address: zhangjx666@126.com.
Papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCP) play diverse roles in plant biology. In our previous studies, a VaCP17 gene from the cold-tolerant Vitis amurensis accession 'Shuangyou' was isolated and its role in cold tolerance was preliminarily verified in Arabidopsis. Here, we confirmed the function of VaCP17 in cold tolerance by stably overexpressing VaCP17 in the cold-sensitive Vitis vinifera cultivar 'Thompson Seedless' and transiently silencing VaCP17 in 'Shuangyou' leaves. The results showed that overexpression of VaCP17 improved the cold tolerance in 'Thompson Seedless' as manifested by reduced electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde accumulation, chlorophyll homeostasis, increased antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) activitiy, and rapid up-regulation of stress-related genes (VvKIN2, VvRD29B, and VvNCED1) compared with wild-type line. Conversely, RNA interfere-mediated knockdown of VaCP17 in 'Shuangyou' leaves resulted in opposite physiological and biochemical responses and exacerbated leaves wilting compared with control. Subsequently, by yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase assays, and transient overexpression of VaNAC72 in 'Shuangyou' leaves, a VaCP17-interacting protein VaNAC72 was confirmed to promote the expression of VaCP17 under cold stress, which depends on abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid signaling. By yeast two-hybrids, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and luciferase complementation assays, it was found that VaNAC72 could form homodimers or heterodimers with VaCBF2. Furthermore, co-expression analysis confirmed that VaNAC72 works synergistically with VaCBF2 or VaCP17 to up-regulate the expression of VaCP17. In conclusion, the study revealed that the VaNAC72-VaCP17 module positively regulated cold tolerance in grapevine, and this knowledge is useful for further revealing the cold-tolerance mechanism of V. amurensis and grape molecular breeding.
PMID: 37247556
Plant Physiol Biochem , IF:4.27 , 2023 Aug , V201 : P107799 doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107799
Transcriptomic and physiological analyses reveal changes in secondary metabolite and endogenous hormone in ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) in response to postharvest chilling stress.
Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.; Jingzhou Jiazhiyuan Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.; College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.; Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China. Electronic address: liung906@163.com.; Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China. Electronic address: xbnlzyx@163.com.
Storing postharvest ginger at low temperatures can extend its shelf life, but can also lead to chilling injury, loss of flavor, and excessive water loss. To investigate the effects of chilling stress on ginger quality, morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic changes were examined after storage at 26 degrees C, 10 degrees C, and 2 degrees C for 24 h. Compared to 26 degrees C and 10 degrees C, storage at 2 degrees C significantly increased the concentrations of lignin, soluble sugar, flavonoids, and phenolics, as well as the accumulation of H(2)O(2), O(2-), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Additionally, chilling stress inhibited the levels of indoleacetic acid, while enhancing gibberellin, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid, which may have increased postharvest ginger's adaptation to chilling. Storage at 10 degrees C decreased lignin concentration and oxidative damage, and induced less fluctuant changes in enzymes and hormones than storage at 2 degrees C. RNA-seq revealed that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) increased with decreasing temperature. Functional enrichment analysis of the 523 DEGs that exhibited similar expression patterns between all treatments indicated that they were primarily enriched in phytohormone signaling, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and cold-associated MAPK signaling pathways. Key enzymes related to 6-gingerol and curcumin biosynthesis were downregulated at 2 degrees C, suggesting that cold storage may negatively impact ginger quality. Additionally, 2 degrees C activated the MKK4/5-MPK3/6-related protein kinase pathway, indicating that chilling may increase the risk of ginger pathogenesis.
PMID: 37271022
Planta , IF:4.116 , 2023 Jul , V258 (3) : P54 doi: 10.1007/s00425-023-04212-1
Characterization of sandalwood (E,E)-alpha-farnesene synthase whose overexpression enhances cold tolerance through jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling in Arabidopsis.
Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China. xhzhang@scib.ac.cn.; Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.; Independent Researcher, Ikenobe 3011-2, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa-ken, 761-0799, Japan.
Santalum album (E,E)-alpha-farnesene synthase catalyzes FPP into (E,E)-alpha-farnesene. Overexpression of the SaAFS gene positively improved cold stress tolerance through JA biosynthesis and signaling pathways in Arabidopsis. Volatile terpenoids are released from plants that suffer negative effects following exposure to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Recent studies revealed that (E,E)-alpha-farnesene synthase (AFS) plays a significant role in a plant's defence against biotic attack. However, little is known about whether AFS contributes to plant resistance to cold stress. In this study, a SaAFS gene was isolated from Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.) and functionally characterized. The SaAFS protein mainly converts farnesyl diphosphate to (E,E)-alpha-farnesene. SaAFS was clustered into the AFS clade from angiosperms, suggesting a highly conserved enzyme. SaAFS displayed a significant response to cold stress and methyl jasmonate. SaAFS overexpression (OE) in Arabidopsis enhanced cold tolerance by increasing proline content, reducing malondialdehyde content, electrolyte leakage, and accumulating reactive oxygen species. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that upregulated genes related to stress response and JA biosynthesis and signaling were detected in SaAFS-OE lines compared with wild type plants that were exposed to cold stress. Endogenous JA and jasmonoyl-isoleucine content increased significantly in SaAFS-OE lines exposed to cold stress. Collectively considered, these results suggest that the SaAFS gene is a positive regulator during cold stress tolerance via JA biosynthesis and signaling pathways.
PMID: 37515637
Biochimie , IF:4.079 , 2023 Aug doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.08.004
Transmembrane and PAS domains of the histidine kinase Hik33 as regulators of cold and light responses in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.
K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.; K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia. Electronic address: losda@ippras.ru.
The PAS (Per-ARNT-Sim) domain is a sensory protein regulatory module found in archaea, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes. Histidine and serine/threonine protein kinases, chemo- and photoreceptors, circadian rhythm regulators, ion channels, phosphodiesterases, and other cellular response regulators are among these proteins. Hik33 is a multifunctional sensory histidine kinase that is implicated in cyanobacterial responses to cold, salt, hyperosmotic, and oxidative stressors. The functional roles of individual Hik33 domains in signal transduction were investigated in this study. Synechocystis Hik33 deletion variants were developed, in which either both or a portion of the transmembrane domains and/or the PAS domain were deleted. Cold stress was applied to the mutant strains either under illumination or in the dark. The findings show that the transmembrane domains govern temperature responses, whereas PAS domain may be involved in regulation of downstream gene expression in light-dependent manner.
PMID: 37567357
Plants (Basel) , IF:3.935 , 2023 Jul , V12 (14) doi: 10.3390/plants12142675
Transcriptomic Profiling of Cold Stress-Induced Differentially Expressed Genes in Seedling Stage of Indica Rice.
College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha 410128, China.; Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410128, China.; State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Changsha 410128, China.
Cold stress significantly constrains the growth, development, productivity, and distribution of rice, particularly the indica cultivar, known for its susceptibility to cold, limiting its cultivation to specific regions. This study investigated the genes associated with cold responsiveness in the roots of two indica cultivars, SQSL (cold-tolerant) and XZX45 (cold-susceptible), through transcriptome dynamics analysis during the seedling stage. The analysis identified 8144 and 6427 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in XZX45 and SQSL, respectively. Among these DEGs, 4672 (G2) were shared by both cultivars, while 3472 DEGs (G1) were specific to XZX45, and 1755 DEGs (G3) were specific to SQSL. Additionally, 572 differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) from 48 TF families, including WRKY, NAC, bHLH, ERF, bZIP, MYB, C2H2, and GRAS, were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment of DEGs in the G3 group, particularly in the "response to cold" category, highlighting the crucial role of these specific genes in response to cold stress in SQSL. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated pronounced enrichment of DEGs in the G3 group in metabolic pathways such as "Pyruvate metabolism", "Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis", and "Starch and sucrose metabolism", contributing to cold tolerance mechanisms in SQSL. Overall, this study provides comprehensive insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cold responses in the indica cultivar, informing future genetic improvement strategies to enhance cold tolerance in susceptible indica rice cultivars.
PMID: 37514289
Plants (Basel) , IF:3.935 , 2023 Jul , V12 (13) doi: 10.3390/plants12132577
Straw Mulch Induced Indoleamines Alleviate Reproductive Depression in Cold Sensitive Hazelnut Cultivars.
Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.; Department of Horticulture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Beheira 22713, Egypt.
Climate change is forcing physiological changes, especially in temperate trees, in which the reproduction phase has been affected harshly, eventually resulting in poor performance. Erratic fluctuations during the flowering periods, predominantly in cold-sensitive, yet industry-desired (sourced), hazelnut cultivars have been causing at least a 10-fold decline in the nut yield. Indoleamines have been noted to provide protection during such abiotic stress conditions. In this study, we investigated the potential involvement of the indoleamine pathway in countering reproductive depression in cold-sensitive hazelnuts by blanketing the ground with wheat straw mulch. The female flower ratio; titers of tryptophan, serotonin, and melatonin; and indoleamine pathway gene regulation were the endpoints for assessing the effects of straw mulch. In the preceding year, we noted that the occurrence of phenological events through the modulation of indoleamines was necessitated via percolation of snowmelt into the rootzone. Otherwise, reproductive depression was noted, especially in harsh conditions, such as 'no snow' or when the rootzone was covered with a plastic sheet to disallow water percolation. When cold-sensitive hazelnut cultivars that were subjected to such deleterious treatments in the preceding years' experiments were treated with straw mulch, the female flower ratio was unaffected and remained on par with that of the cold-hardy locally adapted cultivars. Tryptophan accumulation improved in the (cold-sensitive) sourced cultivars treated with straw mulch and was available as serotonin to counter the cold stress. Lower titers of melatonin explained the slight improvement in female ratio in the sourced cultivars blanketed with straw mulch. ASMT gene regulation via straw mulch treatment emphasized its role in abiotic stress mitigation. A negative trend was noted when improved flowering was compared to the decreased expression of the ASMT gene. Horticultural changes, such as mulch, should provide mitigating solutions to relieve reproductive depression in cold-sensitive hazelnuts, alongside implications in other horticultural crops. The indoleamine toolkit (cellular markers) developed in this study provides insights into the mechanisms of cold sensitivity (abiotic stress) and plausible solutions, such as exogenous application of indoleamines, to propagate climate resilient plant materials with an enhanced capacity to mitigate abiotic stress conditions.
PMID: 37447137
Plants (Basel) , IF:3.935 , 2023 Jul , V12 (13) doi: 10.3390/plants12132548
Whole-Genome Identification of Regulatory Function of CDPK Gene Families in Cold Stress Response for Prunus mume and Prunus mume var. Tortuosa.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.; Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPK) are known to mediate plant growth and development and respond to various environmental changes. Here, we performed whole-genome identification of CDPK families in cultivated and wild mei (Prunus mume). We identified 14 and 17 CDPK genes in P. mume and P. mume var. Tortuosa genomes, respectively. All 270 CPDK proteins were classified into four clade, displaying frequent homologies between these two genomes and those of other Rosaceae species. Exon/intron structure, motif and synteny blocks were conserved between P. mume and P. mume var. Tortuosa. The interaction network revealed all PmCDPK and PmvCDPK proteins is interacted with respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). RNA-seq data analysis of cold experiments show that cis-acting elements in the PmCDPK genes, especially PmCDPK14, are associated with cold hardiness. Our results provide and broad insights into CDPK gene families in mei and their role in modulating cold stress response in plants.
PMID: 37447109
Plants (Basel) , IF:3.935 , 2023 Jul , V12 (13) doi: 10.3390/plants12132538
DREB1 and DREB2 Genes in Garlic (Allium sativum L.): Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Stress Response.
Research Center of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, Bld. 2, Moscow 119071, Russia.
Dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) transcription factors (TFs) of the A1 and A2 subfamilies involved in plant stress responses have not yet been reported in Allium species. In this study, we used bioinformatics and comparative transcriptomics to identify and characterize DREB A1 and A2 genes redundant in garlic (Allium sativum L.) and analyze their expression in A. sativum cultivars differing in the sensitivity to cold and Fusarium infection. Eight A1 (AsaDREB1.1-1.8) and eight A2 (AsaDREB2.1-2.8) genes were identified. AsaDREB1.1-1.8 genes located in tandem on chromosome 1 had similar expression patterns, suggesting functional redundancy. AsaDREB2.1-2.8 were scattered on different chromosomes and had organ- and genotype-specific expressions. AsaDREB1 and AsaDREB2 promoters contained 7 and 9 hormone- and stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements, respectively, and 13 sites associated with TF binding and plant development. In both Fusarium-resistant and -sensitive cultivars, fungal infection upregulated the AsaDREB1.1-1.5, 1.8, 2.2, 2.6, and 2.8 genes and downregulated AsaDREB2.5, but the magnitude of response depended on the infection susceptibility of the cultivar. Cold exposure strongly upregulated the AsaDREB1 genes, but downregulated most AsaDREB2 genes. Our results provide the foundation for further functional analysis of the DREB TFs in Allium crops and could contribute to the breeding of stress-tolerant varieties.
PMID: 37447098
Plants (Basel) , IF:3.935 , 2023 Jun , V12 (13) doi: 10.3390/plants12132418
Genome-Wide Identification of the PP2C Gene Family and Analyses with Their Expression Profiling in Response to Cold Stress in Wild Sugarcane.
Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agicultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning 530007, China.; Nanning Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530021, China.
Type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) represent a major group of protein phosphatases in plants, some of which have already been confirmed to play important roles in diverse plant processes. In this study, analyses of the phylogenetics, gene structure, protein domain, chromosome localization, and collinearity, as well as an identification of the expression profile, protein-protein interaction, and subcellular location, were carried out on the PP2C family in wild sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum). The results showed that 145 PP2C proteins were classified into 13 clades. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that SsPP2Cs are evolutionarily closer to those of sorghum, and the number of SsPP2Cs is the highest. There were 124 pairs of SsPP2C genes expanding via segmental duplications. Half of the SsPP2C proteins were predicted to be localized in the chloroplast (73), with the next most common predicted localizations being in the cytoplasm (37) and nucleus (17). Analysis of the promoter revealed that SsPP2Cs might be photosensitive, responsive to abiotic stresses, and hormone-stimulated. A total of 27 SsPP2Cs showed cold-stress-induced expressions, and SsPP2C27 (Sspon.01G0007840-2D) and SsPP2C64 (Sspon.03G0002800-3D) were the potential hubs involved in ABA signal transduction. Our study presents a comprehensive analysis of the SsPP2C gene family, which can play a vital role in the further study of phosphatases in wild sugarcane. The results suggest that the PP2C family is evolutionarily conserved, and that it functions in various developmental processes in wild sugarcane.
PMID: 37446979
Plants (Basel) , IF:3.935 , 2023 Jun , V12 (13) doi: 10.3390/plants12132415
Temporal Changes of Leaf Spectral Properties and Rapid Chlorophyll-A Fluorescence under Natural Cold Stress in Rice Seedlings.
Research Centre for Irrigation and Water Management, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Anna-Liget Str. 35, H-5540 Szarvas, Hungary.; Cereal Research Non-Profit Company, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
Nowadays, hyperspectral remote sensing data are widely used in nutrient management, crop yield forecasting and stress monitoring. These data can be acquired with satellites, drones and handheld spectrometers. In this research, handheld spectrometer data were validated by chlorophyll-a fluorescence measurements under natural cold stress. The performance of 16 rice cultivars with different origins and tolerances was monitored in the seedling stage. The studies were carried out under field conditions across two seasons to simulate different temperature regimes. Twenty-four spectral indices and eleven rapid chlorophyll-a fluorescence parameters were compared with albino plants. We identified which wavelengths are affected by low temperatures. Furthermore, the differences between genotypes were characterized by certain well-known and two newly developed (AAR and RAR) indices based on the spectral difference between the genotype and albino plant. The absorbance, reflectance and transmittance differences from the control are suitable for the discrimination of tolerant-sensitive varieties, especially based on their shape, peak and shifting distance. The following wavelengths are capable of determining the tolerant varieties, namely 548-553 nm, 667-670 nm, 687-688 nm and 800-950 nm in case of absorbance; above 700 nm for reflectance; and the whole spectrum (400-1100 nm) for transmittance.
PMID: 37446976
Plants (Basel) , IF:3.935 , 2023 Jun , V12 (13) doi: 10.3390/plants12132408
Overexpression of Rice Histone H1 Gene Reduces Tolerance to Cold and Heat Stress.
Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.; Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
Temperature stresses, including low- and high-temperature stresses, are the main abiotic stresses affecting rice yield. Due to global climate change, the impact of temperature pressure on rice yield is gradually increasing, which is also a major concern for researchers. In this study, an H1 histone in Oryza sativa (OsHis1.1, LOC_Os04g18090) was cloned, and its role in rice's response to temperature stresses was functionally characterized. The GUS staining analysis of OsHis1.1 promoter-GUS transgenic rice showed that OsHis1.1 was widely expressed in various rice tissues. Transient expression demonstrated that OsHis1.1 was localized in the nucleus. The overexpression of OsHis1.1 reduces the tolerance to temperature stress in rice by inhibiting the expression of genes that are responsive to heat and cold stress. Under stress conditions, the POD activity and chlorophyll and proline contents of OsHis1.1-overexpression rice lines were significantly lower than those of the wild type, while the malondialdehyde content was higher than that of the wild type. Compared with Nip, OsHis1.1-overexpression rice suffered more serious oxidative stress and cell damage under temperature stress. Furthermore, OsHis1.1-overexpression rice showed changes in agronomic traits.
PMID: 37446969
Langmuir , IF:3.882 , 2023 Aug doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01244
Biophysical Properties of Lipid Membranes from Barley Roots during Low-Temperature Exposure and Recovery.
CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Rio Cuarto, X5804BYA Cordoba, Argentina.; FCEFQyN, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, X5804BYA Cordoba, Argentina.; Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Departamento de Quimica Biologica Ranwel Caputto, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, X5000HUA Cordoba, Argentina.; Centro de Investigaciones en Quimica Biologica de Cordoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, X5000HUA Cordoba, Argentina.
Glycerolipid remodeling, a dynamic mechanism for plant subsistence under cold stress, has been posited to affect the biophysical properties of cell membranes. In barley roots, remodeling has been observed to take place upon exposure to chilling stress and to be partially reverted during stress relief. In this study, we explored the biophysical characteristics of membranes formed with lipids extracted from barley roots subjected to chilling stress, or during a subsequent short- or long-term recovery. Our aim was to determine to what extent barley roots were able to offset the adverse effects of temperature on their cell membranes. For this purpose, we analyzed the response of the probe Laurdan inserted in bilayers of different extracts, the zeta potential of liposomes, and the behavior of Langmuir monolayers upon compression. We found important changes in the order of water molecules, which is in agreement with the changes in the unsaturation index of lipids due to remodeling. Regarding Langmuir monolayers, we found that films from all the extracts showed a reorganization at a surface pressure that depends on temperature. This reorganization occurred with an increase in entropy for extracts from control plants and without entropy changes for extracts from acclimated plants. In summary, some membrane properties were recovered after the stress, while others were not, suggesting that the membrane biophysical properties play a role in the mechanism of plant acclimation to chilling. These findings contribute to our understanding of the impact of lipid remodeling on biophysical modifications in plant roots.
PMID: 37561912
J Appl Microbiol , IF:3.772 , 2023 Aug , V134 (8) doi: 10.1093/jambio/lxad176
Acinetobacter oleivorans IRS14 alleviates cold stress in wheat by regulating physiological and biochemical factors.
Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India.; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
AIMS: Climate change is responsible for extreme cold winters, causing a significant loss in crop yield and productivity due to chilling stress. This study aims to investigate the potential of psychrotrophic plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strain to promote wheat growth under cold stress and explore the adaptive responses of wheat. METHODS AND RESULTS: Wheat seeds and seedlings were inoculated with the psychrotrophic strain IRS14 and the plants were cultivated for five weeks at 6 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C. The genetic, biochemical, physiological, and molecular analysis of the bacterium and plant was done to evaluate the effect of the PGPR strain in alleviating chilling stress. IRS14 possesses antioxidant activity and produced multiple phytohormones, which enhanced seed germination ( approximately 50%) and plant growth ( approximately 50%) during chilling stress. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we reported that the application of IRS14 helps to regulate the biochemical and metabolic pathways in wheat plants. It alleviates chilling stress and increases plant growth rate and biomass. Strain IRS14 in wheat effectively increased chlorophyll content, antioxidants, carotenoid, proline, and endogenous phytohormones compared with untreated wheat.
PMID: 37550224
J Plant Physiol , IF:3.549 , 2023 Aug , V287 : P154062 doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154062
AeWRKY32 from okra regulates anthocyanin accumulation and cold tolerance in Arabidopsis.
College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China.; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China. Electronic address: xiongaisheng@njau.edu.cn.; College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China. Electronic address: sunm@yctu.edu.cn.
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is a tropical crop species, and its growth and development are severely affected by cold stress. Recent studies have identified a potential association between WRKY transcription factors and the cold response mechanism of crops. In this study, the AeWRKY32 transcription factor that encodes 482 amino acids was amplified from A. esculentus, and its expression level was found to be the highest in the okra flower. AeWRKY32 localized to the nucleus and displayed transcriptional activation capability. Under normal conditions, overexpression of AeWRKY32 induced anthocyanin accumulation, with higher expression levels of AtCHS1, AtCHI4, AtF3H1, and AtDFR2 in transgenic Arabidopsis. Under cold stress, anthocyanin levels were further elevated in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. At the same time, AeWRKY32 overexpression promoted ABA biosynthesis, inhibited H(2)O(2) and O(2)(-) generation, induced stomatal closure, reduced electrolyte leakage, and thus improved the cold resistance of transgenic Arabidopsis. Furthermore, under cold stress, the expression profiles of AtCOR413, AtCOR15B, AtCBF1, and AtCBF2 were upregulated in transgenic Arabidopsis. Overall, our study provides evidence that AeWRKY32 serves as a crucial regulator in both anthocyanin accumulation and cold tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. Our findings could provide insights into the molecular mechanism linking AeWRKYs to plant cold tolerance.
PMID: 37540924
J Plant Physiol , IF:3.549 , 2023 Jul , V286 : P154006 doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154006
Overexpression of CdtCIPK21 from triploid bermudagrass reduces salt and drought tolerance but increases chilling tolerance in transgenic rice.
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. Electronic address: 20181002003@scau.edu.cn.; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. Electronic address: huangshilian@gdaas.cn.; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. Electronic address: 20182002006@scau.edu.cn.; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. Electronic address: 15989086243@126.com.; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. Electronic address: yrluo@scau.edu.cn.; College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. Electronic address: zfguo@njau.edu.cn.; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. Electronic address: turflab@scau.edu.cn.
Calcineurin B-like-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) is a serine/threonine kinase, which transmits the Ca(2+) signal sensed by CBL proteins. A CdtCIPK21 showing highly identical to OsCIPK21 in rice was isolated from triploid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon x Cynodon transvaalensis). CdtCIPK21 transcript could be detected in roots, rhizomes, stems, stolons, and leaves, with highest level in roots. It was induced by salinity, dehydration and chilling, but reduced by ABA treatment. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing CdtCIPK21 had decreased salt and drought tolerance as well as ABA sensitivity but increased chilling tolerance. Lower SOD and CAT activities was observed in transgenic lines under salinity and drought stress conditions, but higher levels under chilling stress. Similarly, lower levels of proline concentration and P5CS1 and P5CS2 transcripts were maintained in transgenic lines under salinity and drought stresses, and higher levels were maintained under chilling. In addition, transgenic lines had lower transcript levels of ABA-independent genes (OsDREB1A, OsDREB1B, and OsDREB2A) and ABA responsive genes (OsLEA3, OsLIP9, and OsRAB16A) under salinity and drought but higher levels under chilling compared with WT. The results suggest that CdtCIPK21 regulates salt and drought tolerance negatively and chilling tolerance positively, which are associated with the altered ABA sensitivity, antioxidants, proline accumulation and expression of ABA-dependent and ABA-independent stress responsive genes.
PMID: 37196413
Protoplasma , IF:3.356 , 2023 Sep , V260 (5) : P1349-1364 doi: 10.1007/s00709-023-01854-6
Comparative transcriptome analysis of grafting to improve chilling tolerance of cucumber.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.; Tai'an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai'an, 271000, China.; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China. bhg163@163.com.
Grafting with pumpkin as rootstock could improve chilling tolerance of cucumber; however, the underlying mechanism of grafting-induced chilling tolerance remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the difference of physiological and transcriptional level between own-rooted (Cs/Cs) and hetero-grafted (Cs/Cm) cucumber seedlings under chilling stress. The results showed that grafting with pumpkin significantly alleviated the chilling injury as evidenced by slightly symptoms, lower contents of electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) and higher relative water content in Cs/Cm seedlings compared with Cs/Cs seedlings under chilling stress. RNA-seq data showed that grafting induced more DGEs at 8 degrees C/5 degrees C compared with 25 degrees C/18 degrees C. In accordance with the increase of the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, APX), grafting upregulated the expression of the regulated redox-related genes such as GST, SOD, and APX. Moreover, grafting increased the expression of genes participated in central carbon metabolism to promote the conversion and decomposition of sugar, which provided more energy for the growth of Cs/Cm seedlings under chilling stress. In addition, grafting regulated the genes involved in the intracellular signal transduction pathways such as calcium signal (CAML, CML, and CDPK) and inositol phospholipid signal (PLC), as well as changed the gene expression of plant hormone signal transduction pathways (ARF, GAI, ABF, and PYR/PYL). These results provide a physiological and transcriptional basis for the molecular mechanism of grafting-induced chilling tolerance of cucumber seedlings.
PMID: 36949344
PLoS One , IF:3.24 , 2023 , V18 (8) : Pe0289563 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289563
Spermidine enhances chilling tolerance of kale seeds by modulating ROS and phytohormone metabolism.
Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.; Taizhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Taizhou, China.; Huzhou Keao Seed Co., Ltd., Huzhou, China.
Chilling stress is an important constraint for kale seed germination and seedlings establishment. It is vital to develop an effective approach to enhance kale seed germination ability under chilling stress. The present study reported that spermidine (Spd) could improve seed chilling tolerance in two kale cultivars 'Nagoya' (MGW) and 'Pigeon' (BB) during germination. The results showed that MGW was cold tolerant with a 90.67% germination percentage (GP) under chilling stress, while BB was cold sensitive with a 70.67% GP under chilling stress. Spd content in MGW and BB seeds during seed germination were up-regulated and down-regulated by chilling stress, respectively. Besides, chilling stress apparently decreased the gibberellin (GA) and ethylene (ET) contents, while increased the levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MGW and BB seeds during germination. Exogenous Spd application increased GA, ET contents and decreased ABA content through regulating the gene expressions of metabolic-related enzymes, thus effectively alleviating the low temperature damage on kale seed germination. Besides, Spd significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), and reduced the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2.-). The present study demonstrated that endogenous Spd metabolism plays an important role in kale seed germination under chilling stress. The effect of exogenous Spd on the metabolism of endogenous Spd, GA, ABA, ET and antioxidant enzymes might be the important reason for promoting the kale seed vigor at low temperature.
PMID: 37535595
G3 (Bethesda) , IF:3.154 , 2023 Aug doi: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad187
Probing the physiological role of the plastid outer-envelope membrane using the oemiR plasmid collection.
Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.; Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.; School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA.; Independent researcher.
Plastids are the site of complex biochemical pathways, most prominently photosynthesis. The organelle evolved through endosymbiosis with a cyanobacterium, which is exemplified by the outer envelope (OE) membrane that harbors more than 40 proteins in Arabidopsis. Their evolutionary conservation indicates high significance for plant cell function. While a few proteins are well-studied as part of the protein translocon complex the majority of OE protein (OEP) functions is unclear. Gaining a deeper functional understanding has been complicated by the lack of observable loss-of-function mutant phenotypes, which is often rooted in functional genetic redundancy. Therefore, we designed OE-specific artificial micro RNAs (oemiRs) capable of downregulating transcripts from several loci simultaneously. We successfully tested oemiR function by performing a proof-of-concept screen for pale and cold-sensitive mutants. An in-depth analysis of pale mutant alleles deficient in the translocon component TOC75 using proteomics provided new insights into putative compensatory import pathways. The cold stress screen not only recapitulated three previously known phenotypes of cold-sensitive mutants, but also identified four mutants of additional oemiR OE loci. Altogether our study revealed a role of the OE to tolerate cold conditions and showcasts the power of the oemiR collection to research the significance of OEPs.
PMID: 37572358
G3 (Bethesda) , IF:3.154 , 2023 Aug , V13 (8) doi: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad116
Genomics and phenomics enabled prebreeding improved early-season chilling tolerance in Sorghum.
Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.; USDA-ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA.; Western Kansas Agricultural Research Center, Kansas State University, Hays, KS 67601, USA.; Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA.; Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
In temperate climates, earlier planting of tropical-origin crops can provide longer growing seasons, reduce water loss, suppress weeds, and escape post-flowering drought stress. However, chilling sensitivity of sorghum, a tropical-origin cereal crop, limits early planting, and over 50 years of conventional breeding has been stymied by coinheritance of chilling tolerance (CT) loci with undesirable tannin and dwarfing alleles. In this study, phenomics and genomics-enabled approaches were used for prebreeding of sorghum early-season CT. Uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) high-throughput phenotyping platform tested for improving scalability showed moderate correlation between manual and UAS phenotyping. UAS normalized difference vegetation index values from the chilling nested association mapping population detected CT quantitative trait locus (QTL) that colocalized with manual phenotyping CT QTL. Two of the 4 first-generation Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) molecular markers, generated using the peak QTL single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), failed to function in an independent breeding program as the CT allele was common in diverse breeding lines. Population genomic fixation index analysis identified SNP CT alleles that were globally rare but common to the CT donors. Second-generation markers, generated using population genomics, were successful in tracking the donor CT allele in diverse breeding lines from 2 independent sorghum breeding programs. Marker-assisted breeding, effective in introgressing CT allele from Chinese sorghums into chilling-sensitive US elite sorghums, improved early-planted seedling performance ratings in lines with CT alleles by up to 13-24% compared to the negative control under natural chilling stress. These findings directly demonstrate the effectiveness of high-throughput phenotyping and population genomics in molecular breeding of complex adaptive traits.
PMID: 37232400
Plant Biol (Stuttg) , IF:3.081 , 2023 Aug , V25 (5) : P727-739 doi: 10.1111/plb.13529
Low-order fine roots of Picea asperata have different physiological mechanisms in response to seasonal freeze and freeze-thaw of soil.
CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Seasonal soil freezing (F) and freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) are common natural phenomena in high latitude or altitude areas of the world, and seriously affect plant physiological processes. However, studies on the effect of soil F and FTCs on fine roots are less common, especially in subalpine coniferous forests of western Sichuan, China. We set up a controlled experiment in growth chambers to explore the effects of F and FTCs on low-order fine roots of Picea asperata and differential responses of first-order roots and the first three root orders (1st, 2nd and 3rd order roots combined as a unit). Soil F and FTCs resulted in serious damage to cell membranes and root vitality of low-order fine roots, accompanied by increased MDA content and O(2) .(-) production. FTCs had a stronger effect than F treatment. In turn, low-order fine roots are the unit that responds to cold stress. These roots had increased unsaturated fatty acid contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, osmolytes and plant hormones contents when acclimation to cold stress. The first-order roots were more sensitive to cold stress than the combined first three root orders for several processes (e.g. antioxidant enzymes, osmolytes and hormones) because of their specific structure and physiological activity. This study explains physiological differences in responses of fine roots of different root orders to seasonal soil freezing, which will improve the understanding of fine root heterogeneity and support agriculture and forest management.
PMID: 37070367
PeerJ , IF:2.984 , 2023 , V11 : Pe15610 doi: 10.7717/peerj.15610
Genome-wide analysis of the WRKY genes and their important roles during cold stress in white clover.
College of Life Science and Techonology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
BACKGROUND: White clover (Trifolium repens L) is a high-quality forage grass with a high protein content, but it is vulnerable to cold stress, which can negatively affect its growth and development. WRKY transcription factor is a family of plant transcription factors found mainly in higher plants and plays an important role in plant growth, development, and stress response. Although WRKY transcription factors have been studied extensively in other plants, it has been less studied in white clover. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the present research, we have performed a genome-wide analysis of the WRKY gene family of white clover, in total, there were 145 members of WRKY transcription factors identified in white clover. The characterization of the TrWRKY genes was detailed, including conserved motif analysis, phylogenetic analysis, and gene duplication analysis, which have provided a better understanding of the structure and evolution of the TrWRKY genes in white clover. Meanwhile, the genetic regulation network (GRN) containing TrWRKY genes was reconstructed, and Gene Ontology (GO) annotation analysis of these function genes showed they contributed to regulation of transcription process, response to wounding, and phosphorylay signal transduction system, all of which were important processes in response to abiotic stress. To determine the TrWRKY genes function under cold stress, the RNA-seq dataset was analyzed; most of TrWRKY genes were highly upregulated in response to cold stress, particularly in the early stages of cold stress. These results were validated by qRT-PCR experiment, implying they are involved in various gene regulation pathways in response to cold stress. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide insights that will be useful for further functional analyses of TrWRKY genes in response to biotic or abiotic stresses in white clover. These findings are likely to be useful for further research on the functions of TrWRKY genes and their role in response to cold stress, which is important to understand the molecular mechanism of cold tolerance in white clover and improve its cold tolerance.
PMID: 37456899
Transgenic Res , IF:2.788 , 2023 Aug , V32 (4) : P339-349 doi: 10.1007/s11248-023-00355-9
Development of Agrobacterium-mediated in planta transformation protocol through coleoptile in rice.
Faculty of Life Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea. uh.ho@ryongnamsan.edu.kp.; Faculty of Life Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea.; The Sci-Tech Complex, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea.; Pyongyang Floriculture Institute, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea.; Branch of Biotechnology, The State Academy of Science, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
Genetic modification of rice is mainly carried out by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of callus accompanied by tissue culture. It is time consuming, laborious and unapplicable for cultivars unable to induce callus. In this study, we have reported a novel gene transfer protocol that involves pulling out primary leaf from coleoptile and injection of Agrobacterium culture into the empty channel. Out of 25 plants survived after injection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 culture harboring pCAMBIA1301-RD29A-AtDREB1A, 8 T(0) plants revealed the expected size of around 811 bp corresponding to AtDREB1A gene and Southern blotting analysis on 18 T(1) plants suggested introgression of AtDREB1A. 3 T(2) lines (7-9, 12-3, 18-6) exhibited accumulation of free proline and soluble sugars, yet increase of chlorophyll content, but decrease of electrolyte leakage and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde under cold stress condition at the vegetative growth stage. Yield components investigation on T(2) lines showed earlier heading date and no yield loss compared to wild type plants grown under normal condition. GUS expression analysis and integrated transgene detection in T(0) and T(1) plants followed by evaluation of cold stress tolerance in T(2) lines suggest the advantage of this in planta transformation protocol to obtain transgenic rice.
PMID: 37318700
3 Biotech , IF:2.406 , 2023 Jul , V13 (7) : P228 doi: 10.1007/s13205-023-03650-8
Isolation of 5' regulatory region of COLD1 gene and its functional characterization through transient expression analysis in tobacco and sugarcane.
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641007 India Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute. GRID: grid.459991.9. ISNI: 0000 0004 0505 3259; Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046 India Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University. GRID: grid.411677.2. ISNI: 0000 0000 8735 2850
Chilling Tolerant Divergence 1 (COLD1) gene consists of Golgi pH Receptor (GPHR) as well as Abscisic Acid-linked G Protein-Coupled Receptor (ABA_GPCR), which are the major transmembrane proteins in plants. This gene expression has been found to be differentially regulated, under various stress conditions, in wild Saccharum-related genera, Erianthus arundinaceus, compared to commercial sugarcane variety. In this study, Rapid Amplification of Genomic Ends (RAGE) technique was employed to isolate the 5' upstream region of COLD1 gene to gain knowledge about the underlying stress regulatory mechanism. The current study established the cis-acting elements, main promoter regions, and Transcriptional Start Site (TSS) present within the isolated 5' upstream region (Cold1P) of COLD1, with the help of specific bioinformatics techniques. Phylogenetic analysis results revealed that the isolated Cold1P promoter is closely related to the species, Sorghum bicolor. Cold1P promoter-GUS gene construct was generated in pCAMBIA 1305.1 vector that displayed a constitutive expression of the GUS reporter gene in both monocot as well as dicot plants. The histochemical GUS assay outcomes confirmed that Cold1P can drive expression in both monocot as well as dicot plants. Cold1P's activities under several abiotic stresses such as cold, heat, salt, and drought, revealed its differential expression profile in commercial sugarcane variety. The highest activity of the GUS gene was found after 24 h of cold stress, driven by the isolated Cold1P promoter. The outcomes from GUS fluorimetric assay correlated with that of the GUS expression findings. This is the first report on Cold1P isolated from the species, E. arundinaceus. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03650-8.
PMID: 37304407
Mol Biol Rep , IF:2.316 , 2023 Jul doi: 10.1007/s11033-023-08635-7
Comparative physiological, antioxidant and proteomic investigation reveal robust response to cold stress in Digitalis purpurea L.
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.; Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India. riffatminhaj@kashmiruniversity.ac.in.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: Digitalis purpurea (L) is an important medicinal plant growing at Alpine region of Himalayas and withstands low temperatures and harsh climatic conditions existing at high altitude. It serves as an ideal plant system to decipher the tolerance to cold stress (CS) in plants from high altitudes. METHODS AND RESULTS: To understand the complexity of plant response to CS, we performed a comparative physiological and biochemical study complemented with proteomics in one-month-old D. purpurea grown at 25 degrees C (control) and 4 degrees C (CS). We observed an enhanced accumulation of different osmo-protectants (glycine betaine, soluble sugar and proline) and higher transcription (mRNA levels) of various antioxidant enzymes with an increased antioxidant enzyme activity in D. purpurea when exposed to CS. Furthermore, higher concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants (flavonoids, phenolics) was also associated with the response to CS. Differential proteomic analysis revealed the role of various proteins primarily involved in redox reactions, protein stabilization, quinone and sterol metabolism involved in CS response in D. purpurea.. CONCLUSION: Our results provide a framework for better understanding the physiological and molecular mechanism of CS response in D. purpurea at high altitudes.
PMID: 37439898
Mol Biol Rep , IF:2.316 , 2023 Aug , V50 (8) : P6997-7015 doi: 10.1007/s11033-023-08584-1
Molecular and genetic perspectives of cold tolerance in wheat.
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.; Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan. alvinagul@yahoo.com.; Department of Industrial Biotechnology, ASAB, NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan.; Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SCPS, STMU, Islamabad, Pakistan.; Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan.; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey.; Botany Department and Centre for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. munirozturk@gmail.com.
Environmental variation is the most crucial problem as it is causing food insecurity and negatively impacts food availability, utilization, assessment, and stability. Wheat is the largest and extensively cultivated staple food crop for fulfilling global food requirements. Abiotic stresses including salinity, heavy metal toxicity, drought, extreme temperatures, and oxidative stresses being the primary cause of productivity loss are a serious threat to agronomy. Cold stress is a foremost ecological constraint that is extremely influencing plant development, and yield. It is extremely hampering the propagative development of plant life. The structure and function of plant cells depend on the cell's immune system. The stresses due to cold, affect fluid in the plasma membrane and change it into crystals or a solid gel phase. Plants being sessile in nature have evolved progressive systems that permit them to acclimatize the cold stress at the physiological as well as molecular levels. The phenomenon of acclimatisation of plants to cold stress has been investigated for the last 10 years. Studying cold tolerance is critical for extending the adaptability zones of perennial grasses. In the present review, we have elaborated the current improvement of cold tolerance in plants from molecular and physiological viewpoints, such as hormones, the role of the posttranscriptional gene, micro RNAs, ICE-CBF-COR signaling route in cold acclimatization and how they are stimulating the expression of underlying genes encoding osmoregulatory elements and strategies to improve cold tolerance in wheat.
PMID: 37378744
Plant Signal Behav , IF:2.247 , 2023 Dec , V18 (1) : P2213924 doi: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2213924
Genome-wide analysis of the CDPK gene family and their important roles response to cold stress in white clover.
Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.; International Agriculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.; Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.; Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, Yunnan, China.
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are an important class of calcium-sensitive response proteins that play an important regulatory role in response to abiotic stresses. To date, little is known about the CDPK genes in white clover. White clover is a high-quality forage grass with high protein content, but it is susceptible to cold stress. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the CDPK gene family in white clover and identified 50 members of the CDPK genes. Phylogenetic analysis using CDPKs from the model plant Arabidopsis divided the TrCDPK genes into four groups based on their sequence similarities. Motif analysis showed that TrCDPKs within the same group had similar motif compositions. Gene duplication analysis revealed the evolution and expansion of TrCDPK genes in white clover. Meanwhile, a genetic regulatory network (GRN) containing TrCDPK genes was reconstructed, and gene ontology (GO) annotation analysis of these functional genes showed that they contribute to signal transduction, cellular response to stimuli, and biological regulation, all of which are important processes in response to abiotic stresses. To determine the function of TrCDPK genes, we analyzed the RNA-seq dataset and found that most TrCDPK genes were highly up-regulated under cold stress, particularly in the early stages of cold stress. These results were validated by qRT-PCR experiments, implying that TrCDPK genes are involved in various gene regulatory pathways in response to cold stress. Our study may help to further investigate the function of TrCDPK genes and their role in response to cold stress, which is important for understanding the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance in white clover and improving its cold tolerance.
PMID: 37202838
Fly (Austin) , IF:2.16 , 2023 Dec , V17 (1) : P2157161 doi: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2157161
Larval nutritional-stress and tolerance to extreme temperatures in the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae).
Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Letzion, Israel.; Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece.
Within the factors affecting insect tolerance to extreme environmental conditions, insect nutrition, particularly of immature stages, has received insufficient attention. In the present study, we address this gap by investigating the effects of larval nutrition on heat and cold tolerance of adult Bactrocera zonata - an invasive, polyphagous fruit fly pest. We manipulated the nutritional content in the larval diet by varying the amount of added yeast (2-10% by weight), while maintaining a constant sucrose content. Adults derived from the different larval diets were tested for their tolerance to extreme heat and cold stress. Restricting the amount of yeast reduced the efficacy of the larval diet (i.e. number of pupae produced per g of diet) as well as pupal and adult fresh weight, both being significantly lower for yeast-poor diets. Additionally, yeast restriction during the larval stage (2% yeast diet) significantly reduced the amount of protein but not lipid reserves of newly emerged males and females. Adults maintained after emergence on granulated sugar and water for 10 days were significantly more tolerant to extreme heat (i.e. knock-down time at 42 (o)C) when reared as larvae on yeast-rich diets (8% and 10% yeast) compared to counterparts developing on a diet containing 2% yeast. Nevertheless, the composition of the larval diet did not significantly affect adult survival following acute cold stress (exposure to -3 degrees C for 2 hrs.). These results are corroborated by previous findings on Drosophilid flies. Possible mechanisms leading to nutrition-based heat-tolerance in flies are discussed.
PMID: 36576164
Bull Entomol Res , IF:1.75 , 2023 Aug , V113 (4) : P574-586 doi: 10.1017/S0007485323000251
Rapid cold hardening and cold acclimation promote cold tolerance of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) by physiological substances transformation and cryoprotectants accumulation.
College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Yunnan Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Kunming 650201, China.; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.; College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
Insect response to cold stress is often associated with adaptive strategies and chemical variation. However, low-temperature domestication to promote the cold tolerance potential of Bactrocera dorsalis and transformation of main internal substances are not clear. Here, we use a series of low-temperature exposure experiments, supercooling point (SCP) measurement, physiological substances and cryoprotectants detection to reveal that pre-cooling with milder low temperatures (5 and 10 degrees C) for several hours (rapid cold hardening) and days (cold acclimation) can dramatically improve the survival rate of adults and pupae under an extremely low temperature (-6.5 degrees C). Besides, the effect of rapid cold hardening for adults could be maintained even 4 h later with 25 degrees C exposures, and SCP was significantly declined after cold acclimation. Furthermore, content of water, fat, protein, glycogen, sorbitol, glycerol and trehalose in bodies were measured. Results showed that water content was reduced and increased content of proteins, glycogen, glycerol and trehalose after two cold domestications. Our findings suggest that rapid cold hardening and cold acclimation could enhance cold tolerance of B. dorsalis by increasing proteins, glycerol, trehalose and decreasing water content. Conclusively, identifying a physiological variation will be useful for predicting the occurrence and migration trend of B. dorsalis populations.
PMID: 37501573
J Genet Genomics , 2023 Jul doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.07.004
Genetic and lipidomic analyses reveal the key role of lipid metabolism for cold tolerance in maize.
State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.; State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China.; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.; Suihua Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Suihua, Heilongjiang 152052, China.; State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address: shiyiting@cau.edu.cn.
Lipid remodeling is crucial for cold tolerance in plants. However, the precise alternations of lipidomics during cold responses remains elusive, especially in maize (Zea mays L.). In addition, the key genes responsible for cold tolerance in maize lipid metabolism have not been identified. Here, we integrate lipidomic, transcriptomic, and genetic analysis to determine the profile of lipid remodeling caused by cold stress. We find that the homeostasis of cellular lipid metabolism is essential for maintaining cold tolerance of maize. Also, we detect 213 lipid species belonging to 14 major classes, covering phospholipids, glycerides, glycolipids, and free fatty acids. Various lipid metabolites undergo specific and selective alterations in response to cold stress, especially mono/di-unsaturated lysophosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol, as well as polyunsaturated phosphatidic acid, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, and triacylglycerol. In addition, we identify a subset of key enzymes, including ketoacyl-ACP synthase II, acyl-carrier protein 2, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, and stearoyl-ACP desaturase 2 involved in glycerolipid biosynthetic pathways are positive regulators of maize cold tolerance. These results reveal a comprehensive lipidomic profile during the cold response of maize and provide genetic resources for enhancing cold tolerance in crops.
PMID: 37481121
BMC Genom Data , 2023 Jul , V24 (1) : P37 doi: 10.1186/s12863-023-01138-1
The G2-Like gene family in Populus trichocarpa: identification, evolution and expression profiles.
College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.; College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China. duliang@bjfu.edu.cn.; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China. duliang@bjfu.edu.cn.
The Golden2-like (GLK) transcription factors are plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that perform extensive and significant roles in regulating chloroplast development. Here, genome-wide identification, classification, conserved motifs, cis-elements, chromosomal locations, evolution and expression patterns of the PtGLK genes in the woody model plant Populus trichocarpa were analyzed in detail. In total, 55 putative PtGLKs (PtGLK1-PtGLK55) were identified and divided into 11 distinct subfamilies according to the gene structure, motif composition and phylogenetic analysis. Synteny analysis showed that 22 orthologous pairs and highly conservation between regions of GLK genes across P. trichocarpa and Arabidopsis were identified. Furthermore, analysis of the duplication events and divergence times provided insight into the evolutionary patterns of GLK genes. The previously published transcriptome data indicated that PtGLK genes exhibited distinct expression patterns in various tissues and different stages. Additionally, several PtGLKs were significantly upregulated under the responses of cold stress, osmotic stress, and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and gibberellic acid (GA) treatments, implying that they might take part in abiotic stress and phytohormone responses. Overall, our results provide comprehensive information on the PtGLK gene family and elucidate the potential functional characterization of PtGLK genes in P. trichocarpa.
PMID: 37403017
Plant Commun , 2023 Jul , V4 (4) : P100562 doi: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100562
A chromosome-level genome assembly for Erianthus fulvus provides insights into its biofuel potential and facilitates breeding for improvement of sugarcane.
Sugarcane Research Institute of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, China.; Plant Molecular Genetics Laboratory, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.; Sugarcane Research Institute of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; The Key Laboratory of Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.; International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.; Sugarcane Research Institute of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; Yunnan Plateau Characteristic Agriculture Industry Research Institute, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.; Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, China.; Sugarcane Research Institute of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; The Key Laboratory of Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; Yunnan Plateau Characteristic Agriculture Industry Research Institute, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China. Electronic address: loyalyang@163.com.; Sugarcane Research Institute of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; The Key Laboratory of Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China. Electronic address: lfs810@sina.com.
Erianthus produces substantial biomass, exhibits a good Brix value, and shows wide environmental adaptability, making it a potential biofuel plant. In contrast to closely related sorghum and sugarcane, Erianthus can grow in degraded soils, thus releasing pressure on agricultural lands used for biofuel production. However, the lack of genomic resources for Erianthus hinders its genetic improvement, thus limiting its potential for biofuel production. In the present study, we generated a chromosome-scale reference genome for Erianthus fulvus Nees. The genome size estimated by flow cytometry was 937 Mb, and the assembled genome size was 902 Mb, covering 96.26% of the estimated genome size. A total of 35 065 protein-coding genes were predicted, and 67.89% of the genome was found to be repetitive. A recent whole-genome duplication occurred approximately 74.10 million years ago in the E. fulvus genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that E. fulvus is evolutionarily closer to S. spontaneum and diverged after S. bicolor. Three of the 10 chromosomes of E. fulvus formed through rearrangements of ancestral chromosomes. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Saccharum complex revealed a polyphyletic origin of the complex and a sister relationship of E. fulvus with Saccharum sp., excluding S. arundinaceum. On the basis of the four amino acid residues that provide substrate specificity, the E. fulvus SWEET proteins were classified as mono- and disaccharide sugar transporters. Ortho-QTL genes identified for 10 biofuel-related traits may aid in the rapid screening of E. fulvus populations to enhance breeding programs for improved biofuel production. The results of this study provide valuable insights for breeding programs aimed at improving biofuel production in E. fulvus and enhancing sugarcane introgression programs.
PMID: 36814384