Nature , IF:42.778 , 2020 May , V581 (7807) : P199-203 doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2210-3
Ligand-induced monoubiquitination of BIK1 regulates plant immunity.
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.; Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.; Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.; Elemental Enzymes, St Louis, MO, USA.; Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.; Department of Structural Biology, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.; Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.; Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. pinghe@tamu.edu.; Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. pinghe@tamu.edu.; Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. lshan@tamu.edu.; Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. lshan@tamu.edu.
Recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) triggers the first line of inducible defence against invading pathogens(1-3). Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) are convergent regulators that associate with multiple PRRs in plants(4). The mechanisms that underlie the activation of RLCKs are unclear. Here we show that when MAMPs are detected, the RLCK BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1 (BIK1) is monoubiquitinated following phosphorylation, then released from the flagellin receptor FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2)-BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1) complex, and internalized dynamically into endocytic compartments. The Arabidopsis E3 ubiquitin ligases RING-H2 FINGER A3A (RHA3A) and RHA3B mediate the monoubiquitination of BIK1, which is essential for the subsequent release of BIK1 from the FLS2-BAK1 complex and activation of immune signalling. Ligand-induced monoubiquitination and endosomal puncta of BIK1 exhibit spatial and temporal dynamics that are distinct from those of the PRR FLS2. Our study reveals the intertwined regulation of PRR-RLCK complex activation by protein phosphorylation and ubiquitination, and shows that ligand-induced monoubiquitination contributes to the release of BIK1 family RLCKs from the PRR complex and activation of PRR signalling.
PMID: 32404997
Curr Biol , IF:9.601 , 2020 May , V30 (9) : PR407-R409 doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.02.073
Plant Biology: Brassinosteroids and the Intracellular Auxin Shuttle.
Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.; Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: christian.hardtke@unil.ch.
Throughout plant development, the phytohormones auxin and brassinosteroid regulate growth via their combinatorial input. A new study reveals a major impact of brassinosteroid signaling on intracellular auxin distribution and thereby nuclear auxin signaling, adding another layer of complexity to auxin-brassinosteroid crosstalk.
PMID: 32369755
Curr Biol , IF:9.601 , 2020 May , V30 (10) : P1783-1800.e11 doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.02.086
Multiple Metabolic Innovations and Losses Are Associated with Major Transitions in Land Plant Evolution.
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK. Electronic address: lee.sweetlove@plants.ox.ac.uk.
Investigating the evolution of plant biochemistry is challenging because few metabolites are preserved in fossils and because metabolic networks are difficult to experimentally characterize in diverse extant organisms. We report a comparative computational approach based on whole-genome metabolic pathway databases of eight species representative of major plant lineages, combined with homologous relationships among genes of 72 species from streptophyte algae to angiosperms. We use this genomic approach to identify metabolic gains and losses during land plant evolution. We extended our findings with additional analysis of 305 non-angiosperm plant transcriptomes. Our results revealed that genes encoding the complete biosynthetic pathway for brassinosteroid phytohormones and enzymes for brassinosteroid inactivation are present only in spermatophytes. Genes encoding only part of the biosynthesis pathway are present in ferns and lycophytes, indicating a stepwise evolutionary acquisition of this pathway. Nevertheless, brassinosteroids are ubiquitous in land plants, suggesting that brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathways differ between earlier- and later-diverging lineages. Conversely, genes for gibberellin biosynthesis and inactivation using methyltransferases are found in all land plant lineages. This suggests that bioactive gibberellins might be present in bryophytes, although they have yet to be detected experimentally. We also found that cytochrome P450 oxidases involved in cutin and suberin production are absent in genomes of non-angiosperm plants that nevertheless do contain these biopolymers. Overall, we identified significant differences in crucial metabolic processes between angiosperms and earlier-diverging land plants and resolve details of the evolutionary history of several phytohormone and structural polymer biosynthetic pathways in land plants.
PMID: 32220326
Curr Biol , IF:9.601 , 2020 May , V30 (9) : P1626-1638.e3 doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.02.029
Local and Systemic Effects of Brassinosteroid Perception in Developing Phloem.
Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.; Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland. Electronic address: christian.hardtke@unil.ch.
The plant vasculature is an essential adaptation to terrestrial growth. Its phloem component permits efficient transfer of photosynthates between source and sink organs but also transports signals that systemically coordinate physiology and development. Here, we provide evidence that developing phloem orchestrates cellular behavior of adjacent tissues in the growth apices of plants, the meristems. Arabidopsis thaliana plants that lack the three receptor kinases BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1), BRI1-LIKE 1 (BRL1), and BRL3 ("bri(3)" mutants) can no longer sense brassinosteroid phytohormones and display severe dwarfism as well as patterning and differentiation defects, including disturbed phloem development. We found that, despite the ubiquitous expression of brassinosteroid receptors in growing plant tissues, exclusive expression of the BRI1 receptor in developing phloem is sufficient to systemically correct cellular growth and patterning defects that underlie the bri(3) phenotype. Although this effect is brassinosteroid-dependent, it cannot be reproduced with dominant versions of known downstream effectors of BRI1 signaling and therefore possibly involves a non-canonical signaling output. Interestingly, the rescue of bri(3) by phloem-specific BRI1 expression is associated with antagonism toward phloem-specific CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED 45 (CLE45) peptide signaling in roots. Hyperactive CLE45 signaling causes phloem sieve element differentiation defects, and consistently, knockout of CLE45 perception in bri(3) background restores proper phloem development. However, bri(3) dwarfism is retained in such lines. Our results thus reveal local and systemic effects of brassinosteroid perception in the phloem: whereas it locally antagonizes CLE45 signaling to permit phloem differentiation, it systemically instructs plant organ formation via a phloem-derived, non-cell-autonomous signal.
PMID: 32220322
Curr Biol , IF:9.601 , 2020 May , V30 (9) : P1579-1588.e6 doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.02.002
PIN-LIKES Coordinate Brassinosteroid Signaling with Nuclear Auxin Input in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria.; Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China.; Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.; Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA) Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo-UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain.; Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria. Electronic address: juergen.kleine-vehn@boku.ac.at.
Auxin and brassinosteroids (BR) are crucial growth regulators and display overlapping functions during plant development. Here, we reveal an alternative phytohormone crosstalk mechanism, revealing that BR signaling controls PIN-LIKES (PILS)-dependent nuclear abundance of auxin. We performed a forward genetic screen for imperial pils (imp) mutants that enhance the overexpression phenotypes of PILS5 putative intracellular auxin transport facilitator. Here, we report that the imp1 mutant is defective in the BR-receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1). Our set of data reveals that BR signaling transcriptionally and post-translationally represses the accumulation of PILS proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby increasing nuclear abundance and signaling of auxin. We demonstrate that this alternative phytohormonal crosstalk mechanism integrates BR signaling into auxin-dependent organ growth rates and likely has widespread importance for plant development.
PMID: 32169207
Plant Physiol , IF:6.902 , 2020 May doi: 10.1104/pp.20.00144
Tomato wall-associated kinase SlWak1 depends on Fls2/Fls3 to promote apoplastic immune responses to Pseudomonas syringae.
Boyce Thompson Institute and Cornell University CITY: Ithaca STATE: New York United States Of America [US].; Boyce Thompson Institute CITY: Ithaca STATE: New York United States Of America [US].; Instituto de Fisiologia Vegetal CITY: La Plata Argentina [AR].; Boyce Thompson Institute and Cornell University CITY: Ithaca STATE: New York POSTAL_CODE: 14853-1801 United States Of America [US] gbm7@cornell.edu.
Wall-associated kinases (Waks) are important components of plant immunity against various pathogens, including the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). However, the molecular mechanisms of their role(s) in plant immunity are largely unknown. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), wall-associated kinase 1, SlWak1, has been implicated in pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-triggered immunity (PTI) because its transcript abundance increases significantly after treatment with the flagellin-derived, microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) flg22 and flgII-28, which activate the PRRs Fls2 and Fls3, respectively. We generated two SlWak1 tomato mutants (Deltawak1) using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology and investigated the role of SlWak1 in tomato-Pst interactions. Late PTI responses activated in the apoplast by flg22 or flgII-28 were compromised in Deltawak1 plants, but PTI at the leaf surface was unaffected. The Deltawak1 plants developed fewer callose deposits than wild-type plants, but retained early PTI responses such as generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) upon exposure to flg22 and flgII-28. Induction of Wak1 gene expression by flg22 and flgII-28 was greatly reduced in a tomato mutant lacking Fls2 and Fls3, but induction of Fls3 gene expression by flgII-28 was unaffected in Deltawak1 plants. After Pst inoculation, Deltawak1 plants developed disease symptoms more slowly than Deltafls2.1/2.2/3 mutant plants, although ultimately, both plants were similarly susceptible. SlWak1 co-immunoprecipitated with both Fls2 and Fls3, independently of flg22/flgII-28 or of BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (BAK1). These observations suggest that SlWak1 acts in a complex with Fls2/Fls3 and is important at later stages of PTI in the apoplast.
PMID: 32371523
J Integr Plant Biol , IF:4.885 , 2020 May doi: 10.1111/jipb.12975
The epidermis-specific cyclin CYCP3;1 is involved in the excess brassinosteroid signaling-inhibited root meristem cell division.
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China.
Cell division is precisely regulated and highly tissue-specific; studies have suggested that diverse signals in the epidermis, especially the epidermal brassinosteroids (BRs), can regulate root growth. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that integrate hormonal cues such as BR signaling with other endogenous, tissue-specific developmental programs to regulate epidermal cell proliferation remain unclear. In this study, we used molecular and biochemical approaches, microscopic imaging and genetic analysis to investigate the function and mechanisms of a P-type cyclin in root growth regulation. We found that CYCP3;1, specifically expressed in the root meristem epidermis and lateral root cap, can regulate meristem cell division. Mitotic analyses and biochemical studies demonstrated that CYCP3;1 promotes cell division at the G2-M duration by associating and activating cyclin-dependent kinase B2-1 (CDKB2;1). Furthermore, we found that CYCP3;1 expression was inhibited by BR signaling through BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1), a positive downstream transcription factor in the BR signaling pathway. These findings not only provide a mechanism of how root epidermal-specific regulators modulate root growth, but also reveal why the excess of BRs or enhanced BR signaling inhibits cell division in the meristem to negatively regulate root growth.
PMID: 32470187
J Integr Plant Biol , IF:4.885 , 2020 May , V62 (5) : P652-667 doi: 10.1111/jipb.12822
Photoexcited phytochrome B interacts with brassinazole resistant 1 to repress brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis.
National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
Photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB) mediates a variety of light responses in plants. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of phyB-regulated hypocotyl elongation, we performed firefly luciferase complementation imaging (LCI) screening for phyB-interacting transcription factors (TFs). LCI assays showed that phyB possibly interacts with brassinazoleresistant 1 (BZR1), BZR2, AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 6 (ARF6), and several WRKY DNA-binding TFs in a red light-dependent manner. Furthermore, biochemical assays demonstrated that photoexcited phyB specifically interacts with non-phosphorylated BZR1, the physiologically active form of a master TF in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling, and this interaction can be competitively interfered by phytochrome-interacting factor 4. Furthermore, we showed that phyB can directly interact with the DNA-binding domain of BZR1 and affect the enrichment of BZR1 on the chromatin of target genes. Moreover, our genetic evidence and RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that phyB negatively regulates BR signaling. Together, we revealed that photoexcited phyB directly interacts with the TF BZR1 to repress BR signaling in Arabidopsis.
PMID: 31081597
Cells , IF:4.366 , 2020 May , V9 (5) doi: 10.3390/cells9051125
The Impact of Mutations in the HvCPD and HvBRI1 Genes on the Physicochemical Properties of the Membranes from Barley Acclimated to Low/High Temperatures.
Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland.; Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Gorski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.; Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
(1) Background: The study characterized barley mutants with brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis and signaling disturbances in terms of the physicochemical/structural properties of membranes to enrich the knowledge about the role of brassinosteroids for lipid metabolism and membrane functioning. (2) Methods: The Langmuir method was used to investigate the properties of the physicochemical membranes. Langmuir monolayers were formed from the lipid fractions isolated from the plants growing at 20 degrees C and then acclimated at 5 degrees C or 27 degrees C. The fatty acid composition of the lipids was estimated using gas chromatography. (3) Results: The BR-biosynthesis and BR-signaling mutants of barley were characterized by a temperature-dependent altered molar percentage of fatty acids (from 14:0 to 20:1) in their galactolipid and phospholipid fractions in comparison to wild-type (WT). For example, the mutants had a lower molar percentage of 18:3 in the phospholipid (PL) fraction. The same regularity was observed at 5 degrees C. It resulted in altered physicochemical parameters of the membranes (Alim, picoll, Cs(-1)). (4) Conclusions: BR may be involved in regulating fatty acid biosynthesis or their transport/incorporation into the cell membranes. Mutants had altered physicochemical parameters of their membranes, compared to the WT, which suggests that BR may have a multidirectional impact on the membrane-dependent physiological processes.
PMID: 32370052
J Agric Food Chem , IF:4.192 , 2020 May , V68 (19) : P5496-5506 doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00848
Comparative Proteomics Analysis Reveals That Lignin Biosynthesis Contributes to Brassinosteroid-Mediated Response to Phytophthora sojae in Soybeans.
National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of steroid plant hormones regulating normal growth, development, and stress response in plants. However, the mechanisms by which BRs interfere with the resistance of soybean to Phytophthora sojae (P. sojae) remain largely unknown. The present study analyzed the role of BRs in soybean response against P. sojae by comparative proteomic approaches. A total of 52,381 peptides were obtained by trypsin digestion of 9,680 proteins, among which 6,640 proteins were quantified, and 402 proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Further analysis revealed that DEPs were significantly involved in the lignin biosynthesis pathway. The expression of the majority of key enzymes involved in lignin biosynthesis was upregulated by BR-pretreatment and P. sojae infection, and lignin accumulation was faster in BR-pretreated soybeans than in untreated controls. Additionally, accumulation of lignin was consistent with these enzyme expressions levels and resistance phenotype. These findings advance the understanding of the role of BRs in the interaction between soybeans and P. sojae.
PMID: 32302119
Sci Rep , IF:3.998 , 2020 May , V10 (1) : P7801 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63952-2
Transcript profiling provides insights into molecular processes during shoot elongation in temperature-sensitive peach (Prunus persica).
College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.; Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.; College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China. jcfeng@henau.edu.cn.; Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou, 450002, China. jcfeng@henau.edu.cn.
Plant growth caused by ambient temperature is thought to be regulated by a complex transcriptional network. A temperature-sensitive peach (Prunus persica) was used to explore the mechanisms behind shoot internode elongation at elevated temperatures. There was a significantly positive correlation between the length of the terminal internode (TIL) and the maximum temperature three days prior to the measuring day. Four critical growth stages (initial period and initial elongation period at lower temperature, rapid growth period and stable growth period at higher temperature) were selected for comparative RNA-seq analysis. About 6.64G clean bases were obtained for each library, and 88.27% of the data were mapped to the reference genome. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis among the three pairwise comparisons resulted in the detection of several genes related to the shoot elongation in temperature-sensitive peach. HSFAs were up-regulated in response to the elevated temperature, while the up-regulated expression of HSPs might influence hormone signaling pathways. Most of DEGs involved in auxin, abscisic acid and jasmonic acid were up-regulated, while some involved in cytokinin and brassinosteroid were down-regulated. Genes related to ethylene, salicylic acid and circadian rhythm were also differentially expressed. Genes related to aquaporins, expansins, pectinesterases and endoglucanase were up-regulated, which would promote cell elongation. These results lay a foundation for further dissection of the regulatory mechanisms underlying shoot elongation at elevated temperatures.
PMID: 32385278
Plant Mol Biol , IF:3.302 , 2020 May , V103 (1-2) : P63-74 doi: 10.1007/s11103-020-00975-3
PSBR1, encoding a mitochondrial protein, is regulated by brassinosteroid in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis).
Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.; Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.; Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China. wenfeiwang@fafu.edu.cn.
KEY MESSAGE: PSBR1 is a moso bamboo gene negatively regulated by brassinosteroid, which encodes a mitochondrial localized protein. Overexpression of PSBR1 leads to growth inhibition in various growth progresses in Arabidopsis. The young shoot of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is known as one of the fastest growing plant organs. The roles of phytohormones in the fast-growth of bamboo shoot are not fully understood. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of growth-promoting steroid hormones that play important roles in cell elongation and division. While BR related genes are highly enriched in fast-growing internodes in moso bamboo, the functions of BR in the fast-growth process is not understood at the molecular level. Here, we identified a poaceae specific gene, PSBR1 (Poaceae specific and BR responsive gene 1) from the moso bamboo genome. PSBR1 was highly expressed in the stem and leaves of bamboo seedling, and the elongating nodes of fast-growing bamboo shoot. PSBR1's expression is increased by BR biosynthesis inhibitor propiconazole but decreased by BR treatment. PSBR1 encodes a novel protein that is localized to the mitochondria in tobacco and bamboo protoplast. The Arabidopsis transgenic plants overexpressing PSBR1 show growth inhibition in both vegetative and reproductive stages. This study suggests that PSBR1 is a BR regulated mitochondrial protein in bamboo, which inhibits plant growth when overexpressed in Arabidopsis.
PMID: 32040757
Biochem Biophys Res Commun , IF:2.985 , 2020 May , V525 (3) : P537-542 doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.078
Thr420 and Ser454 of ZmCCaMK play a crucial role in brassinosteroid-induced antioxidant defense in maize.
College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.; College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China. Electronic address: ayzhang@njau.edu.cn.
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) has been shown to play important roles in brassinosteroid (BR)-induced antioxidant defense and enhancing the tolerance of plants to drought stress. The autophosphorylation of CCaMK is a key step for the activation of CCaMK, thus promoting substrate phosphorylation. However, how CCaMK autophosphorylation function in BR-induced antioxidant defense is not known yet. Here, seven potential autophosphorylation sites of ZmCCaMK were identified using mass spectroscopy (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [LC-MS/MS]) analysis. The transient gene expression analysis in maize protoplasts showed that Thr420 and Ser454 of ZmCCaMK were important for BR-induced antioxidant defense. Furthermore, Thr420 and Ser454 of ZmCCaMK were crucial for improving drought tolerance and alleviating drought induced oxidative damage of plants via overexpressing various mutant versions of ZmCCaMK in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Mutations of Thr420 and Ser454 in ZmCCaMK substantially blocked the autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation of ZmCCaMK in vitro. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Thr420 and Ser454 of ZmCCaMK are crucial for BR-induced antioxidant defense and drought tolerance through modulating the autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation activities of ZmCCaMK.
PMID: 32113680
Plants (Basel) , IF:2.762 , 2020 May , V9 (5) doi: 10.3390/plants9050664
Characterization of Atypical Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) Genes and Their Role in Abiotic Stress Response in Rice.
Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India.; ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi-110012, India.; Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India.
Tyrosine phosphorylation constitutes up to 5% of the total phophoproteome. However, only limited studies are available on protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) that catalyze protein tyrosine phosphorylation in plants. In this study, domain analysis of the 27 annotated PTK genes in rice genome led to the identification of 18 PTKs with tyrosine kinase domain. The kinase domain of rice PTKs shared high homology with that of dual specificity kinase BRASSINOSTEROID- INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) of Arabidopsis. In phylogenetic analysis, rice PTKs clustered with receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases-VII (RLCKs-VII) of Arabidopsis. mRNAseq analysis using Genevestigator revealed that rice PTKs except PTK9 and PTK16 express at moderate to high level in most tissues. PTK16 expression was highly abundant in panicle at flowering stage. mRNAseq data analysis led to the identification of drought, heat, salt, and submergence stress regulated PTK genes in rice. PTK14 was upregulated under all stresses. qRT-PCR analysis also showed that all PTKs except PTK10 were significantly upregulated in root under osmotic stress. Tissue specificity and abiotic stress mediated differential regulation of PTKs suggest their potential role in development and stress response of rice. The candidate dual specificity PTKs identified in this study paves way for molecular analysis of tyrosine phosphorylation in rice.
PMID: 32456239
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) , IF:1.27 , 2020 May , V66 (2) : P47-52
Integrated transcriptome and microRNA profiles analysis reveals molecular mechanisms underlying the consecutive monoculture problem of Polygonatum odoratum.
College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China.
Polygonatum odoratum is a historically traditional Chinese medicine plant. However, the consecutive monoculture problem (CMP) widespread in other Chinese medicine limiting their cultivation on a large scale. In this study, the physiological data showed the adverse effect of CMP on the growth of P. odoratum under the consecutive cropping (CC) compared with the first cropping (FC). Then the high-throughput sequencing of miRNA and mRNA libraries of leaves and roots from FC and CC P. odoratum plants identified 671 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 184 differentially expressed miRNAs and revealed that the DEGs and target genes of the miRNAs were mainly involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid and brassinosteroid biosynthesis. The KEGG analysis revealed that the DEGs between CC and FC roots were enriched in the plant-pathogen interaction pathway. This study provided the expression regulation of genes related to CMP of P. odoratum but also suggested that CMP may result in the serious damage of pathogens to roots and cause the slow growth in the consecutive cropping plants.
PMID: 32415926
J Pestic Sci , IF:1.101 , 2020 May , V45 (2) : P95-104 doi: 10.1584/jpestics.D20-001
Expression profiles of four BES1/BZR1 homologous genes encoding bHLH transcription factors in Arabidopsis.
The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.; Department of Japanese Food Culture, Faculty of Letters, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.
Arabidopsis bHLH-type transcription factors-BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) and BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1)-play key roles in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. By contrast, the functions of the other four BES1/BZR1 homologs (BEH1-4) remain unknown. Here, we describe the detailed expression profiles of the BES1/BZR1 family genes. Their expressions were distinct regarding growth-stage dependence and organ specificity but exhibited some overlaps as well. Furthermore, their mRNA levels mostly remained unchanged responding to seven non-BR phytohormones. However, BEH1 and BEH2 were downregulated by brassinolide, suggesting a close association with the BR function. Additionally, BEH4 was ubiquitously expressed throughout the life of the plant but displayed some expression preference. For instance, BEH4 expression was limited to guard cells and the adjacent pavement cells in the leaf epidermis and was induced during growth progression in very young seedlings, suggesting that BEH4 is specifically regulated in certain contexts, although it is almost constitutively controlled.
PMID: 32508516