Plant Cell , IF:9.618 , 2019 Nov , V31 (11) : P2682-2696 doi: 10.1105/tpc.19.00058
BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 Negatively Regulates the Stability of Transcription Factor ICE1 in Response to Cold Stress in Arabidopsis.
State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.; Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China.; State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China yangshuhua@cau.edu.cn.
Cold acclimation is a crucial strategy for plant survival at freezing temperatures. C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (CBF) genes are rapidly and transiently induced by low temperature and play important roles in cold acclimation. However, the mechanism underlying the attenuation of CBF expression during the later stages of the cold stress response is obscure. Here, we show that the protein kinase BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2) interacts with and phosphorylates INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION1 (ICE1) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) under prolonged cold stress, facilitating the interaction between ICE1 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE1 and thereby promoting ICE1 degradation. The kinase activity of BIN2 is inhibited during the early stages of the cold stress response and is subsequently restored, suggesting that BIN2 mainly downregulates ICE1 abundance when CBF expression is attenuated. A loss-of-function mutation of ICE1 partially suppresses the cold-induced expression of CBFs and compromises the enhanced freezing tolerance of bin2-3 bil1 bil2 These findings reveal an important role for BIN2 in fine-tuning CBF expression, and thus in balancing plant growth and the cold stress response.
PMID: 31409630
Plant Biotechnol J , IF:8.154 , 2019 Nov , V17 (11) : P2169-2183 doi: 10.1111/pbi.13130
PeSTZ1, a C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor from Populus euphratica, enhances freezing tolerance through modulation of ROS scavenging by directly regulating PeAPX2.
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
In the present study, PeSTZ1, a cysteine-2/histidine-2-type zinc finger transcription factor, was isolated from the desert poplar, Populus euphratica, which serves as a model stress adaptation system for trees. PeSTZ1 was preferentially expressed in the young stems and was significantly up-regulated during chilling and freezing treatments. PeSTZ1 was localized to the nucleus and bound specifically to the PeAPX2 promoter. To examine the potential functions of PeSTZ1, we overexpressed it in poplar 84K hybrids (Populus alba x Populus glandulosa), which are known to be stress-sensitive. Upon exposure to freezing stress, transgenic poplars maintained higher photosynthetic activity and dissipated more excess light energy (in the form of heat) than wild-type poplars. Thus, PeSTZ1 functions as a transcription activator to enhance freezing tolerance without sacrificing growth. Under freezing stress, PeSTZ1 acts upstream of ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE2 (PeAPX2) and directly regulates its expression by binding to its promoter. Activated PeAPX2 promotes cytosolic APX that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) under cold stress. PeSTZ1 may operate in parallel with C-REPEAT-BINDING FACTORS to regulate COLD-REGULATED gene expression. Moreover, PeSTZ1 up-regulation reduces malondialdehyde and ROS accumulation by activating the antioxidant system. Taken together, these results suggested that overexpressing PeSTZ1 in 84K poplar enhances freezing tolerance through the modulation of ROS scavenging via the direct regulation of PeAPX2 expression.
PMID: 30977939
Food Chem , IF:6.306 , 2019 Nov , V297 : P124991 doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.124991
Combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of cold stress induced sugar accumulation and heat shock proteins expression during postharvest potato tuber storage.
Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: linqiong1026@126.com.; Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: xieyajing@caas.cn.; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: gwq18@163.com.; Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: duanyuquan@caas.cn.; Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: wangzhidong@caas.cn.; Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: adesun2006@zju.edu.cn.
Plant species differ greatly in their ability to acclimatise to and survive, cold stress. Normally, potato tubers are stored at low temperatures (below 10 degrees C) to delay sprouting. In this research, combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis was conducted on potato tubers stored at 15 degrees C, 4 degrees C and 0 degrees C to investigate the mechanism of cold responses during postharvest storage. Results showed that soluble sugars were accumulated under low temperatures, regulating by granule-bound starch synthase 1, beta-amylase, invertase inhibitor and fructokinase. In addition, fifteen heat shock proteins (Hsps), including three Hsp70s, two Hsp80s, one Hsp90, one Hsp100 and eight small Hsps, were induced by low temperatures, which may act individually or synergistically to prevent physiological or cellular damage from cold stress in postharvest potato tubers. This research provided general information of sugar accumulation and defense response in potato tuber under cold storage.
PMID: 31253316
Int J Mol Sci , IF:4.556 , 2019 Nov , V20 (22) doi: 10.3390/ijms20225712
Characterizing the Role of TaWRKY13 in Salt Tolerance.
Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050051, China.; College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.; Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan 056001, China.; College of Agronomy, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou 239000, China.; Hebei Seed Station, Shijiazhuang 050031, China.; Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
The WRKY transcription factor superfamily is known to participate in plant growth and stress response. However, the role of this family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is largely unknown. Here, a salt-induced gene TaWRKY13 was identified in an RNA-Seq data set from salt-treated wheat. The results of RT-qPCR analysis showed that TaWRKY13 was significantly induced in NaCl-treated wheat and reached an expression level of about 22-fold of the untreated wheat. Then, a further functional identification was performed in both Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa L. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that TaWRKY13 is a nuclear-localized protein. Moreover, various stress-related regulatory elements were predicted in the promoter. Expression pattern analysis revealed that TaWRKY13 can also be induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG), exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), and cold stress. After NaCl treatment, overexpressed Arabidopsis lines of TaWRKY13 have a longer root and a larger root surface area than the control (Columbia-0). Furthermore, TaWRKY13 overexpression rice lines exhibited salt tolerance compared with the control, as evidenced by increased proline (Pro) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents under salt treatment. The roots of overexpression lines were also more developed. These results demonstrate that TaWRKY13 plays a positive role in salt stress.
PMID: 31739570
Plant Cell Physiol , IF:4.062 , 2019 Nov , V60 (11) : P2410-2422 doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcz142
MaMYB4 Recruits Histone Deacetylase MaHDA2 and Modulates the Expression of omega-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase Genes during Cold Stress Response in Banana Fruit.
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.; Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
Linoleic acid (LA; C18:2) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; C18:3) are two essential unsaturated fatty acids that play indispensable roles in maintaining membrane integrity in cold stress, and omega-3 fatty acid desaturases (FADs) are responsible for the transformation of LA into ALA. However, how this process is regulated at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels remains largely unknown. In this study, an MYB transcription factor, MaMYB4, of a banana fruit was identified and found to target several omega-3 MaFADs, including MaFAD3-1, MaFAD3-3, MaFAD3-4 and MaFAD3-7, and repress their transcription. Intriguingly, the acetylation levels of histones H3 and H4 in the promoters of omega-3 MaFADs were elevated in response to cold stress, which was correlated with the enhancement in the transcription levels of omega-3 MaFADs and the ratio of ALA/LA. Moreover, a histone deacetylase MaHDA2 physically interacted with MaMYB4, thereby leading to the enhanced MaMYB4-mediated transcriptional repression of omega-3 MaFADs. Collectively, these data demonstrate that MaMYB4 might recruit MaHDA2 to repress the transcription of omega-3 MaFADs by affecting their acetylation levels, thus modulating fatty acid biosynthesis. Our findings provided new molecular insights into the regulatory mechanisms of fatty acid biosynthesis in cold stress in fruits.
PMID: 31340013
Sci Rep , IF:3.998 , 2019 Nov , V9 (1) : P16282 doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52567-x
Bacillus velezensis 5113 Induced Metabolic and Molecular Reprogramming during Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Wheat.
Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE75007, Uppsala, Sweden. islama.abdeldaim@gmail.com.; Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt. islama.abdeldaim@gmail.com.; Institute of Biology, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS) Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK. islama.abdeldaim@gmail.com.; Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE75007, Uppsala, Sweden.; Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE75007, Uppsala, Sweden. Johan.Meijer@slu.se.
Abiotic stresses are main limiting factors for agricultural production around the world. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been shown to improve abiotic stress tolerance in several plants. However, the molecular and physiological changes connected with PGPR priming of stress management are poorly understood. The present investigation aimed to explore major metabolic and molecular changes connected with the ability of Bacillus velezensis 5113 to mediate abiotic stress tolerance in wheat. Seedlings treated with Bacillus were exposed to heat, cold/freezing or drought stress. Bacillus improved wheat survival in all stress conditions. SPAD readings showed higher chlorophyll content in 5113-treated stressed seedlings. Metabolite profiling using NMR and ESI-MS provided evidences for metabolic reprograming in 5113-treated seedlings and showed that several common stress metabolites were significantly accumulated in stressed wheat. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of wheat leaves resolved more than 300 proteins of which several were differentially expressed between different treatments and that cold stress had a stronger impact on the protein pattern compared to heat and drought. Peptides maps or sequences were used for database searches which identified several homologs. The present study suggests that 5113 treatment provides systemic effects that involve metabolic and regulatory functions supporting both growth and stress management.
PMID: 31704956
Genes (Basel) , IF:3.759 , 2019 Nov , V10 (11) doi: 10.3390/genes10110911
Genome-Wide Analysis of Members of the WRKY Gene Family and Their Cold Stress Response in Prunus mume.
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.; School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
Prunus mume, which is a rosaceous arbor with very high ornamental, edible and medical values, has a distribution that is mainly restricted by low temperature. WRKY transcription factor genes play crucial roles in the growth, development, and stress responses of plants. However, the WRKY gene family has not been characterised in P. mume. There were 58 PmWRKYs identified from genome of P. mume. They were anchored onto eight link groups and categorised into three broad groups. The gene structure and motif composition were reasonably conservative in each group. Investigation of gene duplication indicated that nine and seven PmWRKYs were arranged in tandem and segmental duplications, respectively. PmWRKYs were discriminately expressed in different tissues (i.e., roots, stems, leaves, fl owers and fruits) in P. mume. The 17 cold-related candidate genes were selected based on RNA-seq data. Further, to investigate the function of PmWRKYs in low temperatures, the expression patterns under artificial cold treatments were analysed. The results showed that the expression levels of the 12 PmWRKYs genes significantly and 5 genes slightly changed in stems. In particular, the expression level of PmWRKY18 was up-regulated after ABA treatment. In addition, the spatiotemporal expression patterns of 17 PmWRKYs were analysed in winter. These results indicated that 17 PmWRKYs were potential transcription factors regulating cold resistance in P. mume.
PMID: 31717396
Genes (Basel) , IF:3.759 , 2019 Nov , V10 (11) doi: 10.3390/genes10110914
Genome-Wide Analysis of Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Superfamily Members Reveals Organization and Chilling-Responsive Patterns in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.).
Zhenjiang Agricultural Research Institute, Jurong 212400, China.; Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF) family is commonly found in eukaryotes, which is one of the largest families of regulator proteins. It plays an important role in plant growth and development, as well as various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, a comprehensive analysis of the bHLH family has not been reported in Brassica oleracea. In this study, we systematically describe the BobHLHs in the phylogenetic relationships, expression patterns in different organs/tissues, and in response to chilling stress, and gene and protein characteristics. A total of 234 BobHLH genes were identified in the B. oleracea genome and were further clustered into twenty-three subfamilies based on the phylogenetic analyses. A large number of BobHLH genes were unevenly located on nine chromosomes of B. oleracea. Analysis of RNA-Seq expression profiles revealed that 21 BobHLH genes exhibited organ/tissue-specific expression. Additionally, the expression of six BobHLHs (BobHLH003, -048, -059, -093, -109, and -148) were significantly down-regulated in chilling-sensitive cabbage (CS-D9) and chilling-tolerant cabbage (CT-923). At 24h chilling stress, BobHLH054 was significantly down-regulated and up-regulated in chilling-treated CS-D9 and CT-923. Conserved motif characterization and exon/intron structural patterns showed that BobHLH genes had similar structures in the same subfamily. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of BobHLH genes and reveals several candidate genes involved in chilling tolerance of B. oleracea, which may be helpful to clarify the roles of bHLH family members and understand the regulatory mechanisms of BobHLH genes in response to the chilling stress of cabbage.
PMID: 31717469
Plant Physiol Biochem , IF:3.72 , 2019 Nov , V144 : P166-177 doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.027
Knockdown of GhIQD31 and GhIQD32 increases drought and salt stress sensitivity in Gossypium hirsutum.
State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China; Cotton Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332105, China.; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China; School of Biological and Physical Sciences (SBPS), Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST), P.O Box 210-40601, Bondo, Kenya.; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China; Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, China. Electronic address: wkbcri@163.com.; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China; School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China. Electronic address: liufcri@163.com.
Drought, salinity and cold stresses have a major impact on cotton production, thus identification and utilization of plant genes vital for plant improvement Whole-genome identification and functional characterizations of the IQ67-domain (IQD) protein family was carried out in which 148, 77, and 79 IQD genes were identified in Gossypium hirsutum, G. raimondii, and G. arboreum. The entire IQD proteins had varied physiochemical properties, however; their grand hydropathy values were negative, which demonstrated that the proteins were hydrophilic, a property common among the proteins encoded by various stresses responsive genes, such as the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins. The IQD proteins were predicted to be majorly sublocalized in the nucleus; moreover, various cis-regulatory elements with higher role in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance were detected. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analysis revealed two key genes, Gh_D06G0014 and Gh_A09G1608 with significantly higher upregulation across the various tissues under drought, salt and cold stress. Knockdown of the two genes negatively affected the ability of G. hirsutum to tolerate the effects of the three stress factors, being all the antioxidant assayed were significantly low concentrations compared to the oxidizing enzymes in VIGS plants under stress, furthermore, morphological and physiological traits were all negatively affected in VIGS plants. Expression levels of GhLEA2, GhCDK_F4, GPCR (TOM1) and Gh_A05G2067 (TH), the stress responsive genes were all downregulated in the VIGS plants, but significantly upregulated in WT and positively controlled plants. The results demonstrated that the IQD genes could be responsible for enhancing drought, salt and cold stress tolerance in cotton.
PMID: 31568959
BMC Genomics , IF:3.594 , 2019 Nov , V20 (1) : P807 doi: 10.1186/s12864-019-6193-0
RNA-seq analysis provides insights into cold stress responses of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri.
Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.; Department of Plant Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.; Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China. changcq@scau.edu.cn.; Department of Plant Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China. changcq@scau.edu.cn.
BACKGROUND: Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc) is a citrus canker causing Gram-negative bacteria. Currently, little is known about the biological and molecular responses of Xcc to low temperatures. RESULTS: Results depicted that low temperature significantly reduced growth and increased biofilm formation and unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) ratio in Xcc. At low temperature Xcc formed branching structured motility. Global transcriptome analysis revealed that low temperature modulates multiple signaling networks and essential cellular processes such as carbon, nitrogen and fatty acid metabolism in Xcc. Differential expression of genes associated with type IV pilus system and pathogenesis are important cellular adaptive responses of Xcc to cold stress. CONCLUSIONS: Study provides clear insights into biological characteristics and genome-wide transcriptional analysis based molecular mechanism of Xcc in response to low temperature.
PMID: 31694530
Planta , IF:3.39 , 2019 Nov , V251 (1) : P21 doi: 10.1007/s00425-019-03305-0
Target of rapamycin signaling is tightly and differently regulated in the plant response under distinct abiotic stresses.
Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnologia (INBIOTEC-CONICET) and Fundacion para Investigaciones Biologicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Vieytes 3103, Mar Del Plata, Argentina.; Instituto de Fisiologia y Recursos Geneticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), Camino 60 cuadras km 5.5 X5020ICA, Cordoba, Argentina.; Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA- CONICET), Camino 60 cuadras km 5.5 X5020ICA, Cordoba, Argentina.; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnologia (INBIOTEC-CONICET) and Fundacion para Investigaciones Biologicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Vieytes 3103, Mar Del Plata, Argentina. gnoel@inbiotec-conicet.gob.ar.
MAIN CONCLUSION: TOR signaling is finely regulated under diverse abiotic stresses and may be required for the plant response with a different time-course depending on the duration and nature of the stress. Target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling is a central regulator of growth and development in eukaryotic organisms. However, its regulation under stress conditions has not yet been elucidated. In Arabidopsis, we show that TOR transcripts and activity in planta are finely regulated within hours after the onset of salt, osmotic, cold and oxidative stress. The expression of genes encoding the partner proteins of the TOR complex, RAPTOR3G and LST8-1, is also regulated. Besides, the data indicate that TOR activity increases at some time during the adverse condition. Interestingly, in oxidative stress, the major TOR activity increment occurred transiently at the early phase of treatment, while in salt, osmotic and cold stress, it was around 1 day after the unfavorable condition was applied. Those results suggest that the TOR signaling has an important role in the plant response to an exposure to stress. Moreover, basal ROS (H2O2) levels and their modification under abiotic stresses were altered in TOR complex mutants. On the other hand, the root phenotypic analysis of the effects caused by the diverse abiotic stresses on TOR complex mutants revealed that they were differently affected, being in some cases less sensitive, than wild-type plants to long-term unfavorable conditions. Therefore, in this work, we demonstrated that TOR signaling is tightly regulated under abiotic stresses, at transcript and activity level, with different and specific time-course patterns according to the type of abiotic stress in Arabidopsis. Taking our results together, we propose that TOR signaling should be necessary during the plant stress response.
PMID: 31781934
Planta , IF:3.39 , 2019 Nov , V250 (5) : P1781-1787 doi: 10.1007/s00425-019-03283-3
LTR-TEs abundance, timing and mobility in Solanum commersonii and S. tuberosum genomes following cold-stress conditions.
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy.; Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, IRD DIADE, Universite de Perpignan, Plant Genome and Development Laboratory, Perpignan, France.; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy. carputo@unina.it.; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy. raversan@unina.it.
MAIN CONCLUSION: Copia/Ale is the youngest lineage in both Solanum tuberosum and S. commersonii. Within it, we identified nightshade, a new LTR element active in the cultivated potato. From an evolutionary perspective, long-terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RT) activity during stress may be viewed as a mean by which organisms can keep up rates of genetic adaptation to changing conditions. Potato is one of the most important crop consumed worldwide, but studies on LTR-RT characterization are still lacking. Here, we assessed the abundance, insertion time and activity of LTR-RTs in both cultivated Solanum tuberosum and its cold-tolerant wild relative S. commersonii genomes. Gypsy elements were more abundant than Copia ones, suggesting that the former was somehow more successful in colonizing potato genomes. However, Copia elements, and in particular, the Ale lineage, are younger than Gypsy ones, since their insertion time was in average ~ 2 Mya. Due to the ability of LTR-RTs to be circularized by the host DNA repair mechanisms, we identified via mobilome-seq a Copia/Ale element (called nightshade, informal name used for potato family) active in S. tuberosum genome. Our analyses represent a valuable resource for comparative genomics within the Solanaceae, transposon-tagging and for the design of cultivar-specific molecular markers in potato.
PMID: 31562541
Planta , IF:3.39 , 2019 Nov , V250 (5) : P1409-1422 doi: 10.1007/s00425-019-03234-y
Contrasting patterns of hormonal and photoprotective isoprenoids in response to stress in Cistus albidus during a Mediterranean winter.
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Biodiversity Research Institute, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. maren.muller@ub.edu.
MAIN CONCLUSION: Seasonal accumulation of hormonal and photoprotective isoprenoids, particularly alpha-tocopherol, carotenoids and abscisic acid, indicate their important role in protecting Cistus albidus plants from environmental stress during a Mediterranean winter. The high diurnal amounts of alpha-tocopherol and xanthophylls 3 h before maximum light intensity suggest a photoprotective response against the prevailing diurnal changes. The timing to modulate acclimatory/defense responses under changing environmental conditions is one of the most critical points for plant fitness and stress tolerance. Here, we report seasonal and diurnal changes in the contents of isoprenoids originated from the methylerythritol phosphate pathway, including chlorophylls, carotenoids, tocochromanols, and phytohormones (abscisic acid, cytokinins, and gibberellins) in C. albidus during a Mediterranean winter. Plants were subjected not only to typically low winter temperatures but also to drought, as shown by a mean plant water status of 54% during the experimental period. The maximum PSII efficiency, however, remained consistently high (Fv/Fm > 0.8), proving that C. albidus had efficient mechanisms to tolerate combined stress conditions during winter. While seasonal alpha-tocopherol contents remained high (200-300 microg/g DW) during the experimental period, carotenoid contents increased during winter attaining maximum levels in February (minimum air temperature
PMID: 31286198
Molecules , IF:3.267 , 2019 Nov , V24 (23) doi: 10.3390/molecules24234303
Phenolic Profiling of Flax Highlights Contrasting Patterns in Winter and Spring Varieties.
EA 3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Universite de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculte de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens Cedex, France.; Plate-Forme Analytique, Universite de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens, France.; EA 7394, USC INRA 1411, Institut Charles Viollette (ICV), Agro-food and Biotechnology Research Institute, Universite de Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Cote d'Opale, Cite Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
Flax (Linum usitatissimum) is a plant grown in temperate regions either for its fiber or for its seeds, which are rich in the essential fatty acid omega-3. It is also well known as a source of medicinal compounds. The chemical composition of its leaves is currently poorly described. In order to fill this gap, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis of flax leaf metabolome. The exploration of the metabolome allowed the characterization of compounds isolated for the first time in flax leaves. These molecules were isolated by preparative HPLC and then characterized by NMR, LC-MS and standard analysis. This work extended our picture of C-glycosyl-flavonoids and coniferyl alcohol derivatives accumulated in flax. The follow-up of the content of these different metabolites via UPLC-MS revealed significant accumulation differences in spring and winter flax leaves. In particular, two methylated C-glycosylflavonoids (swertisin and swertiajaponin) were the most abundant phenolic compounds in winter flax whereas they were not detected in spring flax. This result suggests that these 2 compounds are involved in cold stress tolerance in flax.
PMID: 31779076
Molecules , IF:3.267 , 2019 Nov , V24 (22) doi: 10.3390/molecules24224087
Sequential Response of Sage Antioxidant Metabolism to Chilling Treatment.
Department of Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29-Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.; Department of Vegetable Sciences and Floriculture, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 337, 691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic.; Department of Vegetable and Mushroom Growing, Szent Istvan University, Villanyi 29-43, 1118 Budapest, Hungary.
Chilling influences the growth and metabolism of plants. The physiological response and acclimatization of genotypes in relation to stress stimulus can be different. Two sage cultivars: 'Icterina' and 'Purpurascens' were subjected to 4 degrees C and 18 degrees C (control), and sampled between the 5th and 14th day of the treatment. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was up-regulated in chilled 'Purpurascens' on the 14th day, while guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity increased on the 10th and 12th day in relation to the control. GPX activity of the control 'Icterina' was frequently higher than chilled plants, and chilling did not affect APX activity of that cultivar. Catalase activity remained stable in both sage cultivars. Chilled 'Purpurascens' showed a significant increase in total phenolics contents on the 5th, 7th, and 12th day and in total antioxidant capacity on the 5th and 10th day as compared to the control for respective sampling days. Higher malondialdehyde content was found in chilled plants on the 12th, or 14th day, differences reached 26-28% of the controls. Chilling caused significant decrease in dry matter content. The stress response was more stable and effective in 'Icterina', while more dynamic changes were found for 'Purpurascens'. Based on our results, we propose to use 'Purpurascens' for targeted stress-induced studies and 'Icterina' for field applications.
PMID: 31726737
DNA Cell Biol , IF:3.191 , 2019 Nov , V38 (11) : P1233-1248 doi: 10.1089/dna.2019.4707
Transcriptomic Analysis of Verbena bonariensis Leaves Under Low-Temperature Stress.
Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.; The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
Verbena bonariensis is a valuable plant for both ornament and flower border. As a major constraint, low temperature affects the growing development and survival of V. bonariensis. However, there are few systematic studies in terms of molecular mechanism on the tolerance of low temperature in V. bonariensis. In this study, Illumina sequencing technology was applied to analyze the cold resistance mechanism of plants. Six cDNA libraries were obtained from two samples of two groups, the cold-treated group and the control group. A total of 271,920 unigenes were produced from 406,641 assembled transcripts. Among these, 19,003 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (corrected p-value <0.01, |log2(fold change) | >3) were obtained, including 9852 upregulated and 9151 downregulated genes. The antioxidant enzyme system, photosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, fatty acid metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, and transcription factors were analyzed. Based on these results, series of candidate genes related to cold stress were screened out and discussed. The physiological indexes related to response mechanism of low temperature were tested. Eleven upregulated DEGs were validated by Quantitative Real-time PCR. In this study, we provided the transcriptome sequence resource of V. bonariensis and used these data to realize its molecular mechanism under cold stress. The results contributed to valuable clues for genetic studies and helped to screen candidate genes for cold-resistance breeding.
PMID: 31532241
J Plant Physiol , IF:3.013 , 2019 Nov , V242 : P153033 doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153033
The ARGOS-LIKE genes of Arabidopsis and tobacco as targets for improving plant productivity and stress tolerance.
Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Oktyabrya 71, 450054, Ufa, Russia; Bashkir State University, Z. Validi str. 32, 450074, Ufa, Russia. Electronic address: kuluev@bk.ru.; Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Oktyabrya 71, 450054, Ufa, Russia.; Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematic, Ural Federal University, Kuibyshev str. 48, 620002, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
A small family of ARGOS genes encodes transmembrane proteins that act as negative regulators of ethylene signaling. Recent studies show that ARGOS genes are involved in the regulation of plant growth under the influence of stress factors. However, the role of ARGOS genes in this process is poorly known. Thereby, our goal was to determine the expression profile of these genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum in response to phytohormone treatment and stress factors. We discovered that expression of the AtARGOS and AtARGOS-LIKE genes of A. thaliana is regulated by ethylene and depends on environmental conditions. The highest expression level of the NtARGOS-LIKE1 gene of tobacco (NtARL1) was observed in blooming flowers and young organs. It was induced by auxins, ethylene, ABA, methyl jasmonate as well as hypothermia, drought, salinity and heat stresses. To evaluate the impact of ARGOS genes on plant growth under stress, we created transgenic tobacco plants with constitutive expression of the AtARGOS-LIKE gene of A. thaliana (AtARL), controlled by a strong Dahlia mosaic virus promoter. Overexpression of the AtARL gene contributed to an increase in the volume and quantity of mesophyll cells in the leaves of tobacco under normal conditions, and also to an improvement in root growth under salinity, cold and cadmium treatment. The AtARL transgene produced a positive effect on shoot growth when exposed to drought and high salinity, and a negative effect under cold stress. Accordingly, genes of the ARGOS family can be recommended as targets for genetic engineering and genome editing in order to enhance productivity and stress tolerance of economically important plants.
PMID: 31472448
Plants (Basel) , IF:2.762 , 2019 Nov , V8 (12) doi: 10.3390/plants8120526
Identification, Evolution, and Expression Profiling of Histone Lysine Methylation Moderators in Brassica rapa.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (East China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanjing 210095, China.; Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.; Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
Histone modifications, such as methylation and demethylation, are vital for regulating chromatin structure, thus affecting its expression patterns. The objective of this study is to understand the phylogenetic relationships, genomic organization, diversification of motif modules, gene duplications, co-regulatory network analysis, and expression dynamics of histone lysine methyltransferases and histone demethylase in Brassica rapa. We identified 60 SET (HKMTases), 53 JmjC, and 4 LSD (HDMases) genes in B. rapa. The domain composition analysis subcategorized them into seven and nine subgroups, respectively. Duplication analysis for paralogous pairs of SET and JmjC (eight and nine pairs, respectively) exhibited variation. Interestingly, three pairs of SET exhibited Ka/Ks > 1.00 values, signifying positive selection, whereas the remaining underwent purifying selection with values less than 1.00. Furthermore, RT-PCR validation analysis and RNA-sequence data acquired on six different tissues (i.e., leaf, stem, callus, silique, flower, and root) revealed dynamic expression patterns. This comprehensive study on the abundance, classification, co-regulatory network analysis, gene duplication, and responses to heat and cold stress of SET and JmjC provides insights into the structure and diversification of these family members in B. rapa. This study will be helpful to reveal functions of these putative SET and JmjC genes in B. rapa.
PMID: 31756989
Yi Chuan , IF:2.412 , 2019 Nov , V41 (11) : P1050-1059 doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.19-097
[Transcriptome profiling of high oleic peanut under low temperatureduring germination].
Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries science research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian116023, China.; Sandy Land Amelioration and Utilization Research Institute of Liaoning, Fuxin123000, China.
High oleic (HO) peanut (Arachishypogaea L.) oils benefit human health and industrial production due to its superior nutritional composition and thermo-oxidative stability. However, HO peanut is sensitive to cold stress especially during germination, which limits its distribution in low temperature areas. To understand the molecular mechanism of cold responses in HO peanuts at germination stage, four HO peanut varieties with different cold tolerance were selected in field experiments to analyze their genome-wide gene regulation under low temperatures. High-throughput sequencing and transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 139 429 unigenes. Among these, 3520 common differentially expressed genes (DEG) were detected between two groups of cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive peanuts, and the number of up-regulated genes was greater than that of down-regulated genes in the cold-tolerant peanuts. Gene ontology analysis indicates that the number of DEGs involved in cell membrane metabolism and integrity as well as proteins located in the cell periphery were significantly higher in the cold-tolerant peanuts. KEGG pathway analysis suggests that plant-pathogen interaction and plant hormone signal transduction pathway play important roles in cold tolerance. Four cold-induced genes, TIC(TIME FOR COFFEE), ATX3(histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ATX3-like), AGO4(argonaute 4-like), FER(FERONIA-like receptor protein kinase), and three transcription factor genes, bHLH(bHLH49-like transcription factor), MYB(MYB-related protein 3R-1-like)and EREB(Ethylene-responsive element binding factor 6)were selected to verify the expression profile via real-time quantitative PCR detection. The expression of TIC, ATX3, AGO4, bHLH, MYB and EREB significantly increased within 3 hours after low temperature stress, while the expression of FER significantlyincreased after 12 hours, suggesting that these genes responded to low temperature stress during peanut germination. This work not only sheds light on the transcriptional regulation of HO peanut under low-temperature stress during germination but also provides data resources for screening candidate genes in improving peanuts stress resistance.
PMID: 31735707
Insects , IF:2.22 , 2019 Nov , V10 (11) doi: 10.3390/insects10110401
Towards Precision Nutrition: A Novel Concept Linking Phytochemicals, Immune Response and Honey Bee Health.
Centro de Investigacion en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Dean Funes 3350, Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina.; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina.; Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3050 Maile Way, 310 Gilmore Hall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.; Instituto de Investigaciones Biologicas (IIB-CONICET), UNMdP, Dean Funes 3350, Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina.
The high annual losses of managed honey bees (Apis mellifera) has attracted intensive attention, and scientists have dedicated much effort trying to identify the stresses affecting bees. There are, however, no simple answers; rather, research suggests multifactorial effects. Several works have been reported highlighting the relationship between bees' immunosuppression and the effects of malnutrition, parasites, pathogens, agrochemical and beekeeping pesticides exposure, forage dearth and cold stress. Here we analyze a possible connection between immunity-related signaling pathways that could be involved in the response to the stress resulted from Varroa-virus association and cold stress during winter. The analysis was made understanding the honey bee as a superorganism, where individuals are integrated and interacting within the colony, going from social to individual immune responses. We propose the term "Precision Nutrition" as a way to think and study bees' nutrition in the search for key molecules which would be able to strengthen colonies' responses to any or all of those stresses combined.
PMID: 31726686
J Anim Sci , IF:2.092 , 2019 Nov , V97 (11) : P4588-4597 doi: 10.1093/jas/skz254
Effects of oligosaccharides on the growth and stress tolerance of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 in vitro, and the potential synbiotic effects of L. plantarum ZLP001 and fructo-oligosaccharide in post-weaning piglets1.
Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.
In this study, we evaluated the effects of seven oligosaccharides on the growth rate and stress tolerance of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 in vitro, and the potential synbiotic effects of the most effective oligosaccharide [fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS)] and L. plantarum ZLP001 on the growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and serum immune index in weaning piglets. Most oligosaccharides were utilized as carbohydrate sources by L. plantarum ZLP001, but we observed obvious differences in the bacterial growth depending on oligosaccharide type and concentration. Oligosaccharides and glucose significantly alleviated the decrease in L. plantarum ZLP001 viability in artificial gastric fluid, whereas none of the sugars affected viability in artificial intestinal fluid. FOS and galacto-oligosaccharide significantly improved the viability of L. plantarum ZLP001 under heat stress (65 degrees C for 15 and 30 min). FOS and soybean oligosaccharide significantly increased the viability of L. plantarum ZLP001 in response to cold stress (4 degrees C for 30 and 60 days). On the basis of the findings of in vitro experiments, we selected FOS for in vivo studies. Eighty-four weaned piglets were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: control (basal diet, no additives), freeze-dried L. plantarum ZLP001 (4.2 x 109 CFU/g, 2 g/kg diet), FOS (5 g/kg diet), and combination (0.2% L. plantarum ZLP001 + 0.5% FOS). Body weight and feed consumption were recorded for determinations of the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed-to-gain ratio (F/G). On day 28, fresh fecal samples were collected to evaluate the apparent digestibility of nutrients and microbiota, and serum samples were collected to determine the immune status. L. plantarum ZLP001 plus FOS significantly increased ADG and decreased the F/G ratio compared with the no-additive control. The combination treatment also increased the apparent nutrient digestibility of dry matter and crude protein. Compared with the control and single supplementation, the combination treatment had a significant regulatory effect on the intestinal microbiota, as evidenced by increases in Lactobacillus spp. and a decrease in Enterobacteriaceae. In addition, the combination treatment increased the concentrations of serum IFN-gamma and immunoglobulin G. In conclusion, FOS can be utilized well by L. plantarum ZLP001 and can be combined with it as a potential synbiotic that shows synergistic effects in weaning piglets.
PMID: 31410455