Dev Cell , IF:10.092 , 2019 Oct , V51 (2) : P222-235.e5 doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.08.008
PUB25 and PUB26 Promote Plant Freezing Tolerance by Degrading the Cold Signaling Negative Regulator MYB15.
State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.; Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.; State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address: yangshuhua@cau.edu.cn.
Cold stress adversely affects plant growth, development, and crop productivity and quality. Plants employ cold acclimation strategy to protect them from cold damage. The transcription-factor-CBF-dependent cold signaling pathway plays a key role in plant cold acclimation. However, how this signaling pathway is dynamically and precisely regulated remains unknown. Here, we report that two U-box type E3 ubiquitin ligases, PUB25 and PUB26, positively regulate freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Both PUB25 and PUB26 poly-ubiquitinate MYB15, a transcriptional repressor of the CBF-dependent cold signaling pathway, leading to MYB15 degradation and thus enhanced CBF expression under cold stress. Furthermore, cold-activated OST1 specifically phosphorylates PUB25 and PUB26 at conserved threonine residues, enhancing their E3 activity and facilitating the cold-induced degradation of MYB15. Our results thus unravel the regulatory role of the OST1-PUB25/26 module in regulating the duration and amplitude of the cold response by controlling the homeostasis of the negative regulator MYB15.
PMID: 31543444
Int J Mol Sci , IF:4.556 , 2019 Oct , V20 (21) doi: 10.3390/ijms20215298
Insights on Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases (CPKs) Signaling for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants.
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. dratif@uaf.edu.pk.; Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan. dratif@uaf.edu.pk.; Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. luqmanshahid73@gmail.com.; Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. bhuttawaqas@ymail.com.; Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. babar1292ali@gmail.com.; Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. rashidpbg@hotmail.com.; Industrial Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China. rashidpbg@hotmail.com.; Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan. azeuaf@hotmail.com.; Education Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia. amjad_ucauos@yahoo.com.; Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190001, India. shabirhussainwani@gmail.com.; Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Chonnam 59626, Korea. chung@chonnam.ac.kr.
Abiotic stresses are the major limiting factors influencing the growth and productivity of plants species. To combat these stresses, plants can modify numerous physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes through cellular and subcellular signaling pathways. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs or CPKs) are the unique and key calcium-binding proteins, which act as a sensor for the increase and decrease in the calcium (Ca) concentrations. These Ca flux signals are decrypted and interpreted into the phosphorylation events, which are crucial for signal transduction processes. Several functional and expression studies of different CPKs and their encoding genes validated their versatile role for abiotic stress tolerance in plants. CPKs are indispensable for modulating abiotic stress tolerance through activation and regulation of several genes, transcription factors, enzymes, and ion channels. CPKs have been involved in supporting plant adaptation under drought, salinity, and heat and cold stress environments. Diverse functions of plant CPKs have been reported against various abiotic stresses in numerous research studies. In this review, we have described the evaluated functions of plant CPKs against various abiotic stresses and their role in stress response signaling pathways.
PMID: 31653073
Int J Mol Sci , IF:4.556 , 2019 Oct , V20 (21) doi: 10.3390/ijms20215255
Expression of Two alpha-Type Expansins from Ammopiptanthus nanus in Arabidopsis thaliana Enhance Tolerance to Cold and Drought Stresses.
College of Horticulture & Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. lypzky@163.com.; College of Life Science, Tarim University/Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China. lypzky@163.com.; College of Life Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China. zhangli@syau.edu.cn.; College of Life Science, Tarim University/Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China. haowenfang@nwsuaf.edu.cn.; College of Life Science, Tarim University/Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China. zhlzky010@163.com.; School of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology and Application, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China. liuyi0961@sina.com.; Southwest Research Center of Engineering Technology for Landscape Architecture (State Forestry Administration), Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China. clqhzau@126.com.
Expansins, cell-wall loosening proteins, play an important role in plant growth and development and abiotic stress tolerance. Ammopiptanthus nanus (A. nanus) is an important plant to study to understand stress resistance in forestry. In our previous study, two alpha-type expansins from A. nanus were cloned and named AnEXPA1 and AnEXPA2. In this study, we found that they responded to different abiotic stress and hormone signals. It suggests that they may play different roles in response to abiotic stress. Their promoters show some of the same element responses to abiotic stress and hormones, but some special elements were identified between the expansins that could be essential for their expression. In order to further testify the reliability of the above results, we conducted an analysis of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) dyeing. The analysis showed that AnEXPA1 was only induced by cold stress, whereas AnEXPA2 responded to hormone induction. AnEXPA1 and AnEXPA2 transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed better tolerance to cold and drought stresses. Moreover, the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) was significantly improved in the transgenic plants, and expansin activity was enhanced. These results suggested that AnEXPA1 and AnEXPA2 play an important role in the response to abiotic stress. Our research contributes to a better understanding of the regulatory network of expansins and may benefit agricultural production.
PMID: 31652768
Int J Mol Sci , IF:4.556 , 2019 Oct , V20 (20) doi: 10.3390/ijms20205089
The Methylation Patterns and Transcriptional Responses to Chilling Stress at the Seedling Stage in Rice.
State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Longping Branch of Graduate School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China. nksgh2008@163.com.; Rice Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China. nksgh2008@163.com.; Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China. wtksicau@163.com.; Rice Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China. lishuxing1118@126.com.; Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China. heqiang@hhrrc.ac.cn.; Rice Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China. stzxyang@163.com.; Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China. zhangwuhan@hhrrc.an.cn.; Rice Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China. gyu9789@126.com.; Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China. zlspy@126.com.; Rice Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China. gzrice@126.com.; Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China. zhanghysd@163.com.; State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Longping Branch of Graduate School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China. denghuafeng@sohu.com.; Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China. denghuafeng@sohu.com.
Chilling stress is considered the major abiotic stress affecting the growth, development, and yield of rice. To understand the transcriptomic responses and methylation regulation of rice in response to chilling stress, we analyzed a cold-tolerant variety of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. P427). The physiological properties, transcriptome, and methylation of cold-tolerant P427 seedlings under low-temperature stress (2-3 degrees C) were investigated. We found that P427 exhibited enhanced tolerance to low temperature, likely via increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and promoting the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA). The Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (MeDIP-seq) data showed that the number of methylation-altered genes was highest in P427 (5496) and slightly lower in Nipponbare (Nip) and 9311 (4528 and 3341, respectively), and only 2.7% (292) of methylation genes were detected as common differentially methylated genes (DMGs) related to cold tolerance in the three varieties. Transcriptome analyses revealed that 1654 genes had specifically altered expression in P427 under cold stress. These genes mainly belonged to transcription factor families, such as Myeloblastosis (MYB), APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element binding proteins (AP2-EREBP), NAM-ATAF-CUC (NAC) and WRKY. Fifty-one genes showed simultaneous methylation and expression level changes. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that genes involved in the ICE (inducer of CBF expression)-CBF (C-repeat binding factor)-COR (cold-regulated) pathway were highly expressed under cold stress, including the WRKY genes. The homologous gene Os03g0610900 of the open stomatal 1 (OST1) in rice was obtained by evolutionary tree analysis. Methylation in Os03g0610900 gene promoter region decreased, and the expression level of Os03g0610900 increased, suggesting that cold stress may lead to demethylation and increased gene expression of Os03g0610900. The ICE-CBF-COR pathway plays a vital role in the cold tolerance of the rice cultivar P427. Overall, this study demonstrates the differences in methylation and gene expression levels of P427 in response to low-temperature stress, providing a foundation for further investigations of the relationship between environmental stress, DNA methylation, and gene expression in rice.
PMID: 31615063
Int J Mol Sci , IF:4.556 , 2019 Oct , V20 (20) doi: 10.3390/ijms20205046
Chloroplasts- Beyond Energy Capture and Carbon Fixation: Tuning of Photosynthesis in Response to Chilling Stress.
College of Life Science and technology (State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources), Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China. 1808401001@st.gxu.edu.cn.; Agriculture College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China. liufang1975@163.com.; Agriculture College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China. lirongbai@126.com.; Agriculture College, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. shaokuiwang@scau.edu.cn.; College of Life Science and technology (State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources), Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China. jjluo@gxu.edu.cn.
As organelles for photosynthesis in green plants, chloroplasts play a vital role in solar energy capture and carbon fixation. The maintenance of normal chloroplast physiological functions is essential for plant growth and development. Low temperature is an adverse environmental stress that affects crop productivity. Low temperature severely affects the growth and development of plants, especially photosynthesis. To date, many studies have reported that chloroplasts are not only just organelles of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts can also perceive chilling stress signals via membranes and photoreceptors, and they maintain their homeostasis and promote photosynthesis by regulating the state of lipid membranes, the abundance of photosynthesis-related proteins, the activity of enzymes, the redox state, and the balance of hormones and by releasing retrograde signals, thus improving plant resistance to low temperatures. This review focused on the potential functions of chloroplasts in fine tuning photosynthesis processes under low-temperature stress by perceiving stress signals, modulating the expression of photosynthesis-related genes, and scavenging excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) in chloroplasts to survive the adverse environment.
PMID: 31614592
Int J Mol Sci , IF:4.556 , 2019 Oct , V20 (21) doi: 10.3390/ijms20215411
Dynamics of Plant Metabolism during Cold Acclimation.
Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Bavaria, Germany. lisa.fuertauer@lmu.de.; Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria. jakob.weiszmann@univie.ac.at.; Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria. jakob.weiszmann@univie.ac.at.; Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria. wolfram.weckwerth@univie.ac.at.; Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria. wolfram.weckwerth@univie.ac.at.; Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Bavaria, Germany. thomas.naegele@lmu.de.
Plants have evolved strategies to tightly regulate metabolism during acclimation to a changing environment. Low temperature significantly constrains distribution, growth and yield of many temperate plant species. Exposing plants to low but non-freezing temperature induces a multigenic processes termed cold acclimation, which eventually results in an increased freezing tolerance. Cold acclimation comprises reprogramming of the transcriptome, proteome and metabolome and affects communication and signaling between subcellular organelles. Carbohydrates play a central role in this metabolic reprogramming. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of carbohydrate metabolism in plant cold acclimation with a focus on subcellular metabolic reprogramming, its thermodynamic constraints under low temperature and mathematical modelling of metabolism.
PMID: 31671650
Sci Rep , IF:3.998 , 2019 Oct , V9 (1) : P15145 doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51100-4
Identification of microRNAs and relative target genes in Moringa oleifera leaf and callus.
Mir-Nat s.r.l., Rome, 00133, Italy.; Bioinformatics Unit, Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.; CIMETA, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.; Mir-Nat s.r.l., Rome, 00133, Italy. galgani@scienze.uniroma2.it.; CIMETA, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. galgani@scienze.uniroma2.it.
MicroRNAs, a class of small, non-coding RNAs, play important roles in plant growth, development and stress response by negatively regulating gene expression. Moringa oleifera Lam. plant has many medical and nutritional uses; however, little attention has been dedicated to its potential for the bio production of active compounds. In this study, 431 conserved and 392 novel microRNA families were identified and 9 novel small RNA libraries constructed from leaf, and cold stress treated callus, using high-throughput sequencing technology. Based on the M. oleifera genome, the microRNA repertoire of the seed was re-evaluated. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression pattern of 11 conserved microRNAs in all groups. MicroRNA159 was found to be the most abundant conserved microRNA in leaf and callus, while microRNA393 was most abundantly expressed in the seed. The majority of predicted microRNA target genes were transcriptional factors involved in plant reproduction, growth/development and abiotic/biotic stress response. In conclusion, this is the first comprehensive analysis of microRNAs in M. oleifera leaf and callus which represents an important addition to the existing M. oleifera seed microRNA database and allows for possible exploitation of plant microRNAs induced with abiotic stress, as a tool for bio-enrichment with pharmacologically important phytochemicals.
PMID: 31641153
Sci Rep , IF:3.998 , 2019 Oct , V9 (1) : P15044 doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51122-y
Seed Priming with Melatonin Improves the Seed Germination of Waxy Maize under Chilling Stress via Promoting the Antioxidant System and Starch Metabolism.
Jilin Academy of Agriculture Science/Key Laboratory of Northeast Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Changchun, 130033, P.R. China.; Jilin Academy of Agriculture Science/Key Laboratory of Northeast Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Changchun, 130033, P.R. China. laoli201@yeah.net.; College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, P.R. China.
Chilling stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting waxy maize plant growth. Melatonin (MT) is able to improve tolerance to abiotic stress in plants. To investigate the effects of seed priming with MT on tolerance to chilling stress in waxy maize, the seed germination characteristics and physiological parameters were tested with varied MT concentrations (0, 50, 100 microM) and treatment times (12, 24 h) at ambient (25 degrees C) and chilling (13 degrees C) temperature. MT primed seeds significantly enhanced the germination potential (by 20.29% and 50.71%, respectively), germination rate (by 20.88% and 33.72%), and increased the radicle length (by 90.73% and 217.14%), hypocotyl length (by 60.28% and 136.14%), root length (by 74.59% and 108.70%), and seed vigor index (46.13%, 63.81%), compared with the non-priming seeds under chilling stress. No significant difference was found in priming time between primed and non-primed seeds. In addition, lower H2O2 and malondialdehyde concentrations, increased antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbateperoxidase), and promoted starch metabolism were found in primed seeds compared to non-primed ones. It was suggested that seed priming with MT improved waxy maize seed germination under chilling stress through improving antioxidant system and starch metabolism, which protected from oxidative damage.
PMID: 31636312
Plant Physiol Biochem , IF:3.72 , 2019 Oct , V143 : P190-202 doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.005
The involvements of calcium-dependent protein kinases and catechins in tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] cold responses.
Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Center for Tea Improvement/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, People's Republic of China.; Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Comprehensive Utilization in South Henan, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, People's Republic of China.; Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Comprehensive Utilization in South Henan, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: ggy6363@aliyun.com.; Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Center for Tea Improvement/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: yjyang@tricaas.com.; Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Center for Tea Improvement/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: wangxinchao@caas.cn.
Temperature is one of the most important environmental factors limiting tea plant growth and tea production. Previously we reported that both Ca(2+) and ROS signals play important roles in tea plant cold acclimation. Here, we identified 26 CsCPK transcripts, analyzed their phylogenetic and sequence characters, and detected their transcriptions to monitor Ca(2+) signaling status. Tissue-specific expression profiles indicated that most CsCPK genes were constitutively expressed in tested tissues, suggesting their possible roles in development. Cold along with calcium inhibitor assays suggested that CsCPKs are important cold regulators and CsCPK30/5/4/9 maybe the key members. Moreover, LaCl3 or EGTA pre-treatment could result in impaired Ca(2+) signaling and compromised cold-responding network, but higher catechins accumulation revealed their potential positive roles in cold responses. Those findings indicated that catechins and other secondary metabolites in tea plant may form an alternative cold-responding network that closely correlated with Ca(2+) signaling status.
PMID: 31518850
BMC Genomics , IF:3.594 , 2019 Oct , V20 (1) : P740 doi: 10.1186/s12864-019-6111-5
Small RNA and degradome deep sequencing reveal respective roles of cold-related microRNAs across Chinese wild grapevine and cultivated grapevine.
Shandong Academy of Grape; Shandong engineering research center for Grape cultivation and deep-processing, Jinan, People's Republic of China. fengqiaoyouzi@126.com.; Shandong Academy of Grape; Shandong engineering research center for Grape cultivation and deep-processing, Jinan, People's Republic of China.; Shandong Academy of Grape; Shandong engineering research center for Grape cultivation and deep-processing, Jinan, People's Republic of China. shhmchina@126.com.; Shandong engineering research center for cultivation and deep-processing of grape, Jinan, People's Republic of China.; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (East China), Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, People's Republic of China.; Shandong Academy of Grape; Shandong engineering research center for Grape cultivation and deep-processing, Jinan, People's Republic of China. rensd65@163.com.; Shandong engineering research center for cultivation and deep-processing of grape, Jinan, People's Republic of China. rensd65@163.com.; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (East China), Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, People's Republic of China. rensd65@163.com.
BACKGROUND: Chinese wild grapevine (Vitis amurensis) has remarkable cold stress tolerance, exceeding that of the common cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). RESULT: Here, we surveyed the expression dynamics of microRNAs (miRNAs) across Chinese wild grapevine (cv. Beibinghong) and cultivated grapevine (cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) under cold stress using high-throughput sequencing. We identified 186 known miRNAs in cultivated grape and 427 known miRNAs in Beibinghong. Of the identified miRNAs, 59 are conserved miRNAs orthologous in Cabernet Sauvignon and Beibinghong. In addition, 105 and 129 novel miRNAs were identified in Cabernet Sauvignon and Beibinghong, respectively. The expression of some miRNAs was related to cold stress both in Cabernet Sauvignon and Beibinghong. Many cold-related miRNAs in Cabernet Sauvignon and Beibinghong were predicted to target stress response-related genes such as MYB, WRKY, bHLH transcription factor genes, and heat shock protein genes. However, the expression tendency under cold treatment of many of these miRNAs was different between Cabernet Sauvignon and Beibinghong. Different modes of expression of cultivated and Chinese wild grape miRNAs were indicated in key pathways under cold stress by degradome, target prediction, GO, and KEGG analyses. CONCLUSION: Our study indicated three likely reasons that led to the different cold stress tolerance levels of Cabernet Sauvignon and Beibinghong. Specifically, there may be (1) differential expression of orthologous miRNAs between cultivated grapevine and Chinese wild grape; (2) species-specific miRNAs or target genes; or (3) different regulatory models of miRNAs in cultivated and Chinese wild grape in some key pathways.
PMID: 31615400
Plant Sci , IF:3.591 , 2019 Oct , V287 : P110184 doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110184
The beta-amylase PbrBAM3 from pear (Pyrus betulaefolia) regulates soluble sugar accumulation and ROS homeostasis in response to cold stress.
College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Electronic address: 2016104019@njau.edu.cn.; College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China. Electronic address: yangtianyuan2008@163.com.; College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Electronic address: 2015104018@njau.edu.cn.; College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Electronic address: 2017104017@njau.edu.cn.; College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Electronic address: qikaijie@njau.edu.cn.; College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Electronic address: 2017804152@njau.edu.cn.; College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Electronic address: toast@njau.edu.cn.; College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Electronic address: juyouwu@njau.edu.cn.; College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Electronic address: wujun@njau.edu.cn.; College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Electronic address: slzhang@njau.edu.cn.; College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Electronic address: huangxs@njau.edu.cn.
beta-Amylase (BAM) is involved in sugar metabolism, but the role of BAM genes in cold tolerance remains poorly understood. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of the chloroplast-localized BAM-encoding gene PbrBAM3 isolated from Pyrus betulaefolia. The transcript levels of PbrBAM3 were up-regulated under cold, dehydration and ABA, but repressed by maltose. Overexpression of PbrBAM3 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and pear (P. ussuriensis) conferred increased BAM activity, promoted starch degradation after chilling treatments and enhanced tolerance to cold. Under the chilling stress, the transgenic tobacco and P. ussuriensis exhibited lessened reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, higher levels of antioxidant enzymes activity, and greater accumulation of soluble sugars (specially maltose) than the corresponding wild type plants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PbrBAM3 plays an important role in cold tolerance, at least in part, by raising the levels of soluble sugars capable of acting as osmolytes or antioxidants.
PMID: 31481191
Plants (Basel) , IF:2.762 , 2019 Oct , V8 (10) doi: 10.3390/plants8100434
Effect of Freezing on Photosystem II and Assessment of Freezing Tolerance of Tea Cultivar.
Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. lonfucius@yahoo.com.; Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. 21716160@zju.edu.cn.; Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. 21616098@zju.edu.cn.; Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. jllu@zju.edu.cn.; Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. jx0515@163.com.; Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. yrliang@zju.edu.cn.; Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. xqzheng@zju.edu.cn.
Freezing tolerant tea cultivars are urgently needed. The tea cultivars with highly freezing tolerance showed resistance to freezing stress induced photoinhibition. Freezing sensitivity index (H) of 47 tea clonal cultivars was investigated after severe freezing winter in 2016. To develop instrumental methods for freezing tolerance selection, the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm) and leaf color indicator a on the Hunter color scale were determined on control group (non-frozen) and frozen group (being frozen at -15 degrees C for 2 h and then stood at 20 degrees C for 5 h) of the cultivars. When the two indicators were expressed as the ratios (RFv/Fm and Ra) of frozen group to control group, linear regression of the freezing sensitivity index (H) upon the RFv/Fm and Ra produced significant relationship respectively, i.e., H = 60.31 - 50.09 RFv/Fm (p < 0.01) and H = 30.03 - 10.82 Ra (p < 0.01). Expression of gene psbA encoding D1 protein and gene psbD encoding D2 protein in PSII showed that the frezzing tolerant tea cultivars maintained a high expression level of psbA after freezing stress, which is considered to be beneficial to de novo synthesis of D1 protein and sustaining PSII activity. These findings can provide instrumental tools for assessing freezing tolerance of tea cultivars in tea breeding program.
PMID: 31652528
J Therm Biol , IF:2.361 , 2019 Oct , V85 : P102409 doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102409
Oregano essential oil in the diet of laying hens in winter reduces lipid peroxidation in yolks and increases shelf life in eggs.
Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, n masculine 680E, 89815-630, Chapeco, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: marcos.migliorini@hotmail.com.; Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, n masculine 680E, 89815-630, Chapeco, SC, Brazil.; Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Coronel Ibiapina de Lima, 750 - EFACIP, 89870-000, Pinhalzinho, SC, Brazil.; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria - EMBRAPA Suinos e Aves, BR 153 - km 110, 89700-000, Concordia, SC, Brazil.
We evaluated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) added to the feed of semi-heavy laying hens during winter. We measured performance as well as physical and chemical quality of fresh and 21-day stored eggs. A total of 240 semi-heavy laying hens were distributed into six treatments and five replicates (n=8 each). Treatments consisted of five groups of hens fed diets supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200mg OEO/kg. We measured the average of three productive cycles (1st: week 1-4, 2nd: week 5-8 and 3rd: week 9-12), and found that feed consumption increased in hens in the control group and those in the group treated with 200mg OEO/kg; other zootechnical variables did not differ between treatments. When we analyzed each individual production cycle individually, we did not observe differences between treatments for the performance variables in the first or second cycles. However, in the third cycle, when the animals were exposed to a greater number of days to cold stress, we recorded improved conversion rate/dozen eggs, conversion rate/daily feed consumed and egg production at T50 (50mg OEO/kg). Stored eggs from hens supplemented with 50mg OEO/kg showed lower eggshell percentages and higher yolk pHs. The intensity of the yellow was higher in yolks of the control group and in those from hens supplemented with 200mg OEO/kg. Lipid peroxidation was lower in fresh egg yolks from hens that received 200mg OEO/kg and stored eggs of T150. The reduction of lipid peroxidation in egg yolk is beneficial to consumer health by reducing levels of free radicals consumed. Reduction of lipid peroxidation associated with 150mg OEO/kg in laying hens in winter might be useful for maintaining egg quality and for prolonging shelf life; productive efficiency was improving even at 39.8mg OEO/kg if we consider feed conversion (kg/kg).
PMID: 31657749
Plant Pathol J , IF:1.57 , 2019 Oct , V35 (5) : P393-405 doi: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.03.2019.0070
Survival Factor Gene FgSvf1 Is Required for Normal Growth and Stress Resistance in Fusarium graminearum.
Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.; Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea.
Survival factor 1 (Svf1) is a protein involved in cell survival pathways. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Svf1 is required for the diauxic growth shift and survival under stress conditions. In this study, we characterized the role of FgSvf1, the Svf1 homolog in the homothallic ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum. In the FgSvf1 deletion mutant, conidial germination was delayed, vegetative growth was reduced, and pathogenicity was completely abolished. Although the FgSvf1 deletion mutant produced perithecia, the normal maturation of ascospore was dismissed in deletion mutant. The FgSvf1 deletion mutant also showed reduced resistance to osmotic, fungicide, and cold stress and reduced sensitivity to oxidative stress when compared to the wild-type strain. In addition, we showed that FgSvf1 affects glycolysis, which results in the abnormal vegetative growth in the FgSvf1 deletion mutant. Further, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated in the FgSvf1 deletion mutant, and this accumulated ROS might be related to the reduced sensitivity to oxidative stress and the reduced resistance to cold stress and fungicide stress. Overall, understanding the role of FgSvf1 in F. graminearum provides a new target to control F. graminearum infections in fields.
PMID: 31632215