Plant Physiol , IF:6.902 , 2019 Jun , V180 (2) : P757-766 doi: 10.1104/pp.18.01377
A Mobile Auxin Signal Connects Temperature Sensing in Cotyledons with Growth Responses in Hypocotyls.
Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.; Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.; Developmental and Cell Biology of Plants, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.; Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria.; Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany carolin.delker@landw.uni-halle.de.
Plants have a remarkable capacity to adjust their growth and development to elevated ambient temperatures. Increased elongation growth of roots, hypocotyls, and petioles in warm temperatures are hallmarks of seedling thermomorphogenesis. In the last decade, significant progress has been made to identify the molecular signaling components regulating these growth responses. Increased ambient temperature utilizes diverse components of the light sensing and signal transduction network to trigger growth adjustments. However, it remains unknown whether temperature sensing and responses are universal processes that occur uniformly in all plant organs. Alternatively, temperature sensing may be confined to specific tissues or organs, which would require a systemic signal that mediates responses in distal parts of the plant. Here, we show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings show organ-specific transcriptome responses to elevated temperatures and that thermomorphogenesis involves both autonomous and organ-interdependent temperature sensing and signaling. Seedling roots can sense and respond to temperature in a shoot-independent manner, whereas shoot temperature responses require both local and systemic processes. The induction of cell elongation in hypocotyls requires temperature sensing in cotyledons, followed by the generation of a mobile auxin signal. Subsequently, auxin travels to the hypocotyl, where it triggers local brassinosteroid-induced cell elongation in seedling stems, which depends upon a distinct, permissive temperature sensor in the hypocotyl.
PMID: 31000634
Plant Physiol , IF:6.902 , 2019 Jun , V180 (2) : P1166-1184 doi: 10.1104/pp.18.01492
BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE5 Associates with Immune Receptors and Is Required for Immune Responses.
School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel.; School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel guidos@tauex.tau.ac.il.
Plants utilize cell surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMP/DAMPs) and initiate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Here, we investigated the role of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE5 (BSK5), a member of the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase subfamily XII, in PRR-initiated immunity. BSK5 localized to the plant cell periphery, interacted in yeast and in planta with multiple receptor-like kinases, including the ELONGATION FACTOR-TU RECEPTOR (EFR) and PEP1 RECEPTOR1 (PEPR1) PRRs, and was phosphorylated in vitro by PEPR1 and EFR in the kinase activation loop. Consistent with a role in PTI, bsk5 mutant plants displayed enhanced susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and to the fungus Botrytis cinerea Furthermore, bsk5 mutant plants were impaired in several immune responses induced by the elf18, pep1, and flg22 PAMP/DAMPs, including resistance to P. syringae and B. cinerea, production of reactive oxygen species, callose deposition at the cell wall, and enhanced PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1 gene expression. However, bsk5 plants were not affected in PAMP/DAMP activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and expression of the FLG22-INDUCED RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE1 or the WRKY domain-containing gene WRKY29 BSK5 variants mutated in the BSK5 myristoylation site, ATP-binding site, and kinase activation loop failed to complement defective PTI phenotypes of bsk5 mutant plants, suggesting that localization to the cell periphery, kinase activity, and phosphorylation by PRRs are critical for the function of BSK5 in PTI. These findings demonstrate that BSK5 plays a role in PTI by interacting with multiple immune receptors.
PMID: 30940686
Int J Mol Sci , IF:4.556 , 2019 Jun , V20 (12) doi: 10.3390/ijms20122941
MtBZR1 Plays an Important Role in Nodule Development in Medicago truncatula.
The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China. zndfq_cuican@outlook.com.; School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China. 654187588@163.com.; The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China. honglimei227@163.com.; The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China. xuyi.teng@163.com.; The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China. aimee.yangzhao@sdu.edu.cn.; The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China. czhou@sdu.edu.cn.
Brassinosteroid (BR) is an essential hormone in plant growth and development. The BR signaling pathway was extensively studied, in which BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) functions as a key regulator. Here, we carried out a functional study of the homolog of BZR1 in Medicago truncatula R108, whose expression was induced in nodules upon Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 inoculation. We identified a loss-of-function mutant mtbzr1-1 and generated 35S:MtBZR1 transgenic lines for further analysis at the genetic level. Both the mutant and the overexpression lines of MtBZR1 showed no obvious phenotypic changes under normal growth conditions. After S. meliloti 1021 inoculation, however, the shoot and root dry mass was reduced in mtbzr1-1 compared with the wild type, caused by partially impaired nodule development. The transcriptomic analysis identified 1319 differentially expressed genes in mtbzr1-1 compared with wild type, many of which are involved in nodule development and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Our results demonstrate the role of MtBZR1 in nodule development in M. truncatula, shedding light on the potential role of BR in legume-rhizobium symbiosis.
PMID: 31208116
Mol Plant Pathol , IF:4.326 , 2019 Jun , V20 (6) : P765-783 doi: 10.1111/mpp.12790
Plasmopara viticola effector PvRXLR131 suppresses plant immunity by targeting plant receptor-like kinase inhibitor BKI1.
College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.; Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.; Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.
The grapevine downy mildew pathogen Plasmopara viticola secretes a set of RXLR effectors (PvRXLRs) to overcome host immunity and facilitate infection, but how these effectors function is unclear. Here, the biological function of PvRXLR131 was investigated via heterologous expression. Constitutive expression of PvRXLR131 in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides significantly enhanced its pathogenicity on grapevine leaves. Constitutive expression of PvRXLR131 in Arabidopsis promoted Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 and P. syringae DC3000 (hrcC(-) ) growth as well as suppressed defence-related callose deposition. Transient expression of PvRXLR131 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves could also suppress different elicitor-triggered cell death and inhibit plant resistance to Phytophthora capsici. Further analysis revealed that PvRXLR131 interacted with host Vitis vinifera BRI1 kinase inhibitor 1 (VvBKI1), and its homologues in N. benthamiana (NbBKI1) and Arabidopsis (AtBKI1). Moreover, bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis revealed that PvRXLR131 interacted with VvBKI1 in the plasma membrane. Deletion assays showed that the C-terminus of PvRXLR131 was responsible for the interaction and mutation assays showed that phosphorylation of a conserved tyrosine residue in BKI1s disrupted the interaction. BKI1 was a receptor inhibitor of growth- and defence-related brassinosteroid (BR) and ERECTA (ER) signalling. When silencing of NbBKI1 in N. benthamiana, the virulence function of PvRXLR131 was eliminated, demonstrating that the effector activity is mediated by BKI1. Moreover, PvRXLR131-transgenic plants displayed BKI1-overexpression dwarf phenotypes and suppressed BR and ER signalling. These physiological and genetic data clearly demonstrate that BKI1 is a virulence target of PvRXLR131. We propose that P. viticola secretes PvRXLR131 to target BKI1 as a strategy for promoting infection.
PMID: 30945786
Plant Physiol Biochem , IF:3.72 , 2019 Jun , V139 : P239-245 doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.026
The non-DNA binding bHLH transcription factor Paclobutrazol Resistances are involved in the regulation of ABA and salt responses in Arabidopsis.
Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.; Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.; Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China; College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China. Electronic address: wangsc550@nenu.edu.cn.
Abscisic acid (ABA) is the key hormone that regulating plant responses to abiotic stresses. Several basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors have been reported to regulate ABA signaling in Arabidopsis. Paclobutrazol Resistances (PREs) are non-DNA binding bHLH transcription factors involved in the regulation of plant response to several different plant hormones including gibberellin, brassinosteroid and auxin. Here, we show that PREs are involved in the regulation of ABA and salt responses in Arabidopsis. Quantitative RT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of PRE6 as well as several other PRE genes were reduced in response to ABA treatment, but increased to salt treatment. Seed germination assays indicated that ABA sensitivity is reduced in the pre6 mutants, but increased in transgenic plants overexpressing PRE6. On the other hand, the 35S:PRE6 transgenic plants showed enhanced tolerance to salt, whereas little, if any changes were observed in the pre6 mutants. Similar responses to ABA and salt treatments were observed in the pre2 mutants and the transgenic plants overexpressing PRE2, and a slight increased resistance to ABA in seed germination was observed in the pre2 pre6 double mutants. Taken together, our results suggest that at least some of the PRE genes are ABA responsive genes, and PREs may function redundantly to regulate ABA and salt responses in Arabidopsis.
PMID: 30921735
Plant Physiol Biochem , IF:3.72 , 2019 Jun , V139 : P215-228 doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.020
Changes in content of steroid regulators during cold hardening of winter wheat - Steroid physiological/biochemical activity and impact on frost tolerance.
Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Gorski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland. Electronic address: ania@belanna.strefa.pl.; Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Podluzna 3, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.; Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Gorski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland. Electronic address: m.dziurka@ifr-pan.krakow.pl.; Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Gorski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy Sciences & Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic. Electronic address: jana.oklestkova@upol.cz.; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy Sciences & Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic. Electronic address: ondrej.novak@upol.cz.; Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Gorski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland.; Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland.; Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
The purpose of experiments was to describe the alterations of content of steroid regulators (brassinosteroids, progesterone) during cold hardening of winter wheat. Further we studied physiological and biochemical changes induced by these steroids in cold hardened winter wheat together with estimation of plant frost tolerance. The endogenous brassinosteroid content was elevated in winter wheat during cold hardening while level of progesterone was lowered. A higher content of brassinosteroids (but not progesterone) was connected to better frost tolerance of winter wheat cultivars. Plant supplementation with brassinosteroid (24-epibrassinolide) and progesterone before cold hardening reduced frost damage. Tests with the inhibitors of the biosynthesis of brassinosteroids and progesterone suggested that these steroids are one of players in regulating the antioxidant system in winter wheat during cold hardening. Their role in regulating the expression of Rubisco or the Rubisco activase gene was less clear. Steroid regulators did not affect the content of the stress hormone ABA. Model studies of the membranes, made on a Langmuir bath, showed an increase in the value of the parameter describing differences in membrane compressibility (resulting from stronger interactions among the molecules in the monolayers). This suggests that 24-epibrassinolide and progesterone enter into the lipid layer and - in a similar way to sterols - stabilise the interaction among lipids. It may be significant step for better frost tolerance. The use of steroid regulators (especially brassinosteroids) as agrochemicals improving frost tolerance of winter cereals will be discussed.
PMID: 30908973
Plant Physiol Biochem , IF:3.72 , 2019 Jun , V139 : P207-214 doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.022
ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 3 is involved in brassinosteroid-mediated regulation of flowering in plants.
Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: gns10199@gmail.com.; Department of Biotechnology, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hrlee1375@duksung.ac.kr.; Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jinsulee90@gmail.com.; Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: olo53779313@gmail.com.; Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hjryu96@gmail.com.
ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) is one of the essential transcription factors of ABSCISIC ACID (ABA) signaling, functioning in seed germination, early seedling development, and abiotic stress tolerance. A recent study showed that epigenetic repression of ABI3 by brassinosteroid (BR)-activated BRI1 EMS SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1)-TOPLESS (TPL)HISTONE DEACETYLASE 19 (HDA19) repressor complex is a critical event for promoting seed germination and early seedling development. However, other physiological roles of the repression of ABI3 and ABA responses by BES1-mediated BR signaling pathways remain elusive. Here, we show that BES1-mediated suppression of ABI3 promotes floral transition and ABI3 acts as a negative regulator for flowering. Ectopic expression of ABI3 specifically compromised the early flowering phenotype of bes1-D and induced severe late-flowering phenotypes in wild-type Arabidopsis and Solanum lycopersicum plants. Both spatiotemporal expression patterns and global transcriptome analysis of ABI3-overexpressing plants supported the biological roles of ABI3 in the negative regulation of floral transition and reproduction. Finally, we confirmed that the loss of function of ABI3 induced early-flowering phenotypes in both long- and short-day conditions. In conclusion, our data suggest that BES1-mediated regulation of ABI3 is important in the reproductive phase transition of plants.
PMID: 30908972
Mol Plant Microbe Interact , IF:3.696 , 2019 Jun , V32 (6) : P685-696 doi: 10.1094/MPMI-10-18-0285-R
The Dual Effect of the Brassinosteroid Pathway on Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus Infection by Modulating the Peroxidase-Mediated Oxidative Burst and Plant Defense.
1 College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.; 2 Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; and.; 3 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, China and Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
The phytohormone brassinosteroid (BR) not only plays key roles in regulating plant growth and development but is also involved in modulating the plant defense system in response to pathogens. We previously found that BR application made rice plants more susceptible to the devastating pathogen rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), but the mechanism of BR-mediated susceptibility remains unclear. We now show that both BR-deficient and -insensitive mutants are resistant to RBSDV infection. High-throughput sequencing showed that the defense hormone salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways were activated in the RBSDV-infected BR mutant. Meanwhile, a number of class III peroxidases (OsPrx) were significantly changed and basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated in BR mutants. Treatment with exogenous hormones and other chemicals demonstrated that the BR pathway could suppress the levels of OsPrx and the ROS burst by directly binding the promoters of OsPrx genes. Together, our findings indicate that BR-mediated susceptibility is at least partly caused by inhibition of the action of defense hormones, preventing the accumulation of the peroxidase-mediated oxidative burst.
PMID: 30540528
BMC Genomics , IF:3.594 , 2019 Jun , V20 (1) : P514 doi: 10.1186/s12864-019-5895-7
Comparative physiology and transcriptome analysis allows for identification of lncRNAs imparting tolerance to drought stress in autotetraploid cassava.
Cash Crops Research Institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, People's Republic of China.; Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Key Lab, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, People's Republic of China.; Tropic Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, People's Republic of China.; Cash Crops Research Institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, People's Republic of China. h.b.yan@hotmail.com.
BACKGROUND: Polyploidization, pervasive among higher plant species, enhances adaptation to water deficit, but the physiological and molecular advantages need to be investigated widely. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in drought tolerance in various crops. RESULTS: Herein, we demonstrate that tetraploidy potentiates tolerance to drought stress in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Autotetraploidy reduces transpiration by lesser extent increasing of stomatal density, smaller stomatal aperture size, or greater stomatal closure, and reducing accumulation of H2O2 under drought stress. Transcriptome analysis of autotetraploid samples revealed down-regulation of genes involved in photosynthesis under drought stress, and less down-regulation of subtilisin-like proteases involved in increasing stomatal density. UDP-glucosyltransferases were increased more or reduced less in dehydrated leaves of autotetraploids compared with controls. Strand-specific RNA-seq data (validated by quantitative real time PCR) identified 2372 lncRNAs, and 86 autotetraploid-specific lncRNAs were differentially expressed in stressed leaves. The co-expressed network analysis indicated that LNC_001148 and LNC_000160 in autotetraploid dehydrated leaves regulated six genes encoding subtilisin-like protease above mentioned, thereby result in increasing the stomatal density to a lesser extent in autotetraploid cassava. Trans-regulatory network analysis suggested that autotetraploid-specific differentially expressed lncRNAs were associated with galactose metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway and brassinosteroid biosynthesis, etc. CONCLUSION: Tetraploidy potentiates tolerance to drought stress in cassava, and LNC_001148 and LNC_000160 mediate drought tolerance by regulating stomatal density in autotetraploid cassava.
PMID: 31226927
Plant Sci , IF:3.591 , 2019 Jun , V283 : P290-300 doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.015
GSK3/shaggy-like kinase 1 ubiquitously regulates cell growth from Arabidopsis to Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis).
Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.; Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.; Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. Electronic address: lma223@fafu.edu.cn.
Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is one of the fastest growing species with a maximum growth rate of 1 m/day. However, the regulator genes for this explosive growth phenomenon have not been functionally studied. Here, we found that Moso bamboo GSK3/shaggy-like kinase 1 (PeGSK1) acts as a negative regulator of cell growth. Over-expression of PeGSK1 in Arabidopsis showed significant growth arrest phenotypes, including dwarfism, small leaves, reduced cell length, and disturbed cell elongation of petiole. Furthermore, Overexpression of PeGSK1 fully inhibited the longer hypocotyl phenotype of Arabidopsis atgsk1 mutants. In addition, PeGSK1-overexpressing lines were resistant to exogenous BR treatment and PeGSK1 interacted with the brassinosteroid signal transduction key regulator BZR1. The BZR1-dependent cell growth genes were down-regulated in PeGSK1-overexpressing lines. These results indicated that PeGSK1 is functionally similar to AtGSK1 and inhibited cell growth via the brassinosteroid signaling pathway. Importantly, PeGSK1 also interacted with PeBZR1, and the expression pattern of PeGSK1 was negatively correlated with the internode elongation of bamboo, indicating that PeGSK1 is involved in the cell growth of bamboo. In summary, our results provide insight into the role of brassinosteroids in the rapid-growth of bamboo culms and identifying target genes for the genetic manipulation of plant height.
PMID: 31128699
BMC Plant Biol , IF:3.497 , 2019 Jun , V19 (1) : P256 doi: 10.1186/s12870-019-1869-9
Modification of Threonine-1050 of SlBRI1 regulates BR Signalling and increases fruit yield of tomato.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. wangxiaofenglab@126.com.
BACKGROUND: Appropriate brassinosteroid (BR) signal strength caused by exogenous application or endogenous regulation of BR-related genes can increase crop yield. However, precise control of BR signals is difficult and can cause unstable effects and failure to reach full potential. Phosphorylated BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1), the rate-limiting receptor in BR signalling, transduces BR signals, and we recently demonstrated that modifying BRI1 phosphorylation sites alters BR signal strength and botanical characteristics in Arabidopsis. However, the functions of such phosphorylation sites in agronomic characteristics of crops remain unclear. RESULTS: In this work, we investigated the roles of tomato SlBRI1 threonine-1050 (Thr-1050). SlBRI1 mutant cu3(-abs1) plants expressing SlBRI1 with a non-phosphorylatable Thr-1050 (T1050A), with a wild-type SlBRI1 transformant used as a control, were examined. The results showed enhanced autophosphorylation of SlBRI1 and BR signal strength for cu3(-abs1) harbouring T1050A, which promoted yield through increased plant expansion, leaf area, fruit weight and fruit number per cluster but reduced nutrient contents, including ascorbic acid and soluble sugar levels. Moreover, plant height, stem diameter, and internodal distance were similar between the transgenic plants. CONCLUSION: Our results reveal the biological role of Thr-1050 in tomato and provide a molecular basis for establishing high-yield crops by precisely controlling BR signal strength via phosphorylation site modification.
PMID: 31196007
Plant Mol Biol , IF:3.302 , 2019 Jun , V100 (3) : P265-283 doi: 10.1007/s11103-019-00857-3
Quantitative phosphoproteomic analyses provide evidence for extensive phosphorylation of regulatory proteins in the rhizobia-legume symbiosis.
Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China.; College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China.; Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China. wangleibio@gmail.com.; College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China. wangleibio@gmail.com.; Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China. yhongyu92@163.com.; College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China. yhongyu92@163.com.
KEY MESSAGE: Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in root nodules of grain legumes is essential for high yielding. Protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation plays important role in root nodule development. Differences in the phosphoproteomes may either be developmental specific and related to nitrogen fixation activity. An iTRAQ-based quantitative phosphoproteomic analyses during nodule development enables identification of specific phosphorylation signaling in the Lotus-rhizobia symbiosis. During evolution, legumes (Fabaceae) have evolved a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia, which fix atmospheric nitrogen and produce ammonia that host plants can then absorb. Root nodule development depends on the activation of protein phosphorylation-mediated signal transduction cascades. To investigate possible molecular mechanisms of protein modulation during nodule development, we used iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analyses to identify root phosphoproteins during rhizobial colonization and infection of Lotus japonicus. 1154 phosphoproteins with 2957 high-confidence phosphorylation sites were identified. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of functional groups of these genes revealed that the biological processes mediated by these proteins included cellular processes, signal transduction, and transporter activity. Quantitative data highlighted the dynamics of protein phosphorylation during nodule development and, based on regulatory trends, seven groups were identified. RNA splicing and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathways were extensively affected by phosphorylation, and most Ser/Arg-rich (SR) proteins were multiply phosphorylated. In addition, many proposed kinase-substrate pairs were predicted, and in these MAPK6 substrates were found to be highly enriched. This study offers insights into the regulatory processes underlying nodule development, provides an accessible resource cataloging the phosphorylation status of thousands of Lotus proteins during nodule development, and develops our understanding of post-translational regulatory mechanisms in the Lotus-rhizobia symbiosis.
PMID: 30989446
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int , IF:3.056 , 2019 Jun , V26 (17) : P17163-17172 doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04938-0
Silicon-mediated role of 24-epibrassinolide in wheat under high-temperature stress.
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany.; Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.; Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India. qazi_farid@yahoo.com.
High temperature poses a severe extortion to productivity of many crops like wheat. Therefore, well documented roles of brassinosteroid (BR) and silicon (Si) in terms of abiotic stress tolerance, the current study was designed to evaluate the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Var. PBW-343) to 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) mediated by silicon grown under high temperature stress. At 10- and 12-day stage after sowing, the seedlings were administered Si (0.8 mM) through the sand, and the plants at 20, 22, or 24 days after sowing (DAS) were given EBL (0.01muM) through foliage. Plants were treated to high-temperature stress (35/28 or 40/35 degrees C), for 24 h with 12-h photoperiod in plant growth chamber at 25- and 26-day stage of growth. High temperatures cause significant reduction in growth performance and photosynthesis-related attributes at 35 days after sowing. However, antioxidant enzymes and proline content also augmented substantially with increasing temperature. BR and Si enhanced antioxidant activity and proline content, which was earlier increased by the high temperature. It is established that interaction of EBL and Si considerably improved the growth features, photosynthetic efficacy, and several biochemical traits under high-temperature stress through elevated antioxidant system and osmoprotectant.
PMID: 31001773
Steroids , IF:1.948 , 2019 Jun , V146 : P92-98 doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.03.010
Regio- and stereoselective C-H functionalization of brassinosteroids.
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich St., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus. Electronic address: AHurski@iboch.by.; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich St., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus.; Department of Plant Cell Biology and Bioengineering, Biological Faculty, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus.; University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, CZ-166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
Late stage CH functionalization is a powerful tool for modification of natural compounds. Herein we report that the rhodium-catalyzed reaction of brassinosteroids with aryloxysulfonamides proceeds regio- and stereoselectively at C15 position. The derivative obtained from 24-epibrassinolide was easily transformed to the conjugate with a BODIPY dye bearing unaffected functional groups of the native brassinosteroid.
PMID: 30951761
Heliyon , 2019 Jun , V5 (6) : Pe01868 doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01868
In silico genome-wide identification and comprehensive characterization of the BES1 gene family in soybean.
College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.; College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
The BES1 transcription factor family play a central role in brassinosteroid signaling pathway that regulates a wide range of plant growth and developmental processes, as well as resistances to various stresses. However, no comprehensive study of the BES1 gene family in soybean has been reported. In this work, 16 GmBES1-like genes were identified in soybean, which could be divided into two clades based on their phylogenetic relationships, gene structures and motif compositions. We then examined their duplication status and evolutionary models. The result showed that most of the GmBES1-like genes have duplicated counterparts generated from the recent Glycine WGD event, and these genes are originated from 6 distinct ancestors before the Gamma WGT event. We further studied the expression profiles of GmBES1-like genes, and found their spatio-temporal and stressed expression patterns varied tremendously. For example, GmBES1-5 and GmBES1-6 were highly expressed in almost every sample, whereas GmBES1-7 and GmBES1-8 were not expressed. Additionally, interaction network analysis revealed the presence of 3 clusters between GmBES1-like genes and other associated genes, implying that they have both the conserved and divergent functions. Lastly, we analyzed the genetic diversity of GmBES1-like genes in 302 resequenced wild, landrace and improved soybean accessions. It showed that most of these genes are well conserved, and they are not changed during domestication and improvement. These results provide insights into the characterization of GmBES1 family and lay the foundation for further functional study of such genes.
PMID: 31206092